Is the “Habsburg jaw” related to inbreeding?

Vilas, Román; Ceballos, Francisco; Al-Soufi, Laila; González-García, R.; Moreno, Carlos; Moreno, Miguel Eduardo Torres; Villanueva, Laura; Ruíz, Luis Alberto Rodas; Mateos, J.L. Cabrera; González, David Alejandro; Ruiz, J. Tejada; Cinza, Aitor; Monje, Florencio; Álvarez, Gonzalo

doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1687752

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Especially the latter is an important source of bias in family-based designs [ 49 ]. In addition, the familial occurrence of particular facial traits such as a square chin [ 79 ] suggests that facial features are determined by major gene effects in addition to polygenic effects. Since both common and rare variants can be passed on from parent to child, both can be the reason for siblings to look alike, but the current single SNP-based association approach only supports the identification of common variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies

et al. 2021

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The analysis of contemporary genomic data typically operates on one-dimensional phenotypic measurements (e.g. standing height). Here we report on a data-driven, family-informed strategy to facial phenotyping that searches for biologically relevant traits and reduces multivariate 3D facial shape variability into amendable univariate measurements, while preserving its structurally complex nature. We performed a biometric identification of siblings in a sample of 424 children, defining 1,048 sib-shared facial traits. Subsequent quantification and analyses in an independent European cohort (n = 8,246) demonstrated significant heritability for a subset of traits (0.17–0.53) and highlighted 218 genome-wide significant loci (38 also study-wide) associated with facial variation shared by siblings. These loci showed preferential enrichment for active chromatin marks in cranial neural crest cells and embryonic craniofacial tissues and several regions harbor putative craniofacial genes, thereby enhancing our knowledge on the genetic architecture of normal-range facial variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies

et al. 2021

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“…The Habsburg family (also known as the House of Austria) was well known for hereditary propagation of illnesses or peculiar physical characteristics, such as mandibular prognathism. This facial feature, also known as the “Habsburg jaw,” was present in at least nine generations of the family, most likely as a result of inbreeding ( Hodge, 1977 ; Vilas et al, 2019 ). Recent research showed that this peculiar physical feature inherited by many members of the family was caused by the co-occurrence of maxillary deficiency (MD) and mandibular prognathism (MP), which resulted in pronounced lower lips and overhanging nose tips ( Álvarez and Ceballos, 2015 ).…”

Section: Medical Influences On the Study Of Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (F) revealed a statistically important association between MP and MD among Habsburgs, suggesting that inbreeding among family members triggered this disorder. Consanguineous family partnerships reduced general genetic fitness and increased the risk of recessive allele inheritance in the offspring (see Vilas et al, 2019 ). Contemporary genetic research has shown that Charles II (1665–1700), also known as “The Bewitched” ( El Hechizado ), was so disfigured, as a result of fatal inbreeding that the male line of the Spanish Habsburgs was wiped out (see Álvarez et al, 2009 ; Álvarez and Ceballos, 2015 ) ( Figure 15 ).…”

Section: Medical Influences On the Study Of Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip Off the Old Block: Generation, Development, and Ancestral Concepts of Heredity

Poczai

Santiago‐Blay

2022

Front. Genet.

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Heredity is such a fundamental concept that it is hard to imagine a world where the connection between parents and offspring is not understood. Three hundred years ago thinking of the phenomenon of heredity bore on a cluster of distinct philosophical questions inherited from antiquity concerning the nature and origin of substances or beings that lacked biological meaning. We are reminded of this philosophical heritage by the fact that in the 18th century the study of reproduction, embryology and development was referred to as “the science of generation”. It is now clear that reproduction, the biological process by which parents produce offspring, is a fundamental feature of all life on Earth. Heredity, the transmission of traits from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction, allows differences between individuals to accumulate and evolve through natural selection. Genetics is the study of heredity, and in particular, variation of fundamental units responsible for heredity. Ideas underlying this theory evolved in considerably different and unrelated ways across a number of knowledge domains, including philosophy, medicine, natural history, and breeding. The fusion of these different domains into a single comprehensive theory in 19th century biology was a historically and culturally interdependent process, thus examining genetic prehistory should unravel these entanglements. The major goal of our review is tracing the various threads of thought that gradually converged into our contemporary understanding of heredity.

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“…But rural colonialism does not only damage the environment and public health but also its practitioners. Two practices made by colonialists are racism (detailed by Memi 1969) and its related consequence: inbreeding throughout generations in order to reinforce the holding of their properties (Vilas et al 2019). That occurs despite the well documented biological depletion suffered by inbreeder families (see Charlesworth and Willis 2009;McQuillan et al 2012;Vilas et al 2019).…”

Section: Environmental Consequences and Biological Implications Of Ru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two practices made by colonialists are racism (detailed by Memi 1969) and its related consequence: inbreeding throughout generations in order to reinforce the holding of their properties (Vilas et al 2019). That occurs despite the well documented biological depletion suffered by inbreeder families (see Charlesworth and Willis 2009;McQuillan et al 2012;Vilas et al 2019). In short, abusing natural resources, usurping the lands of locals, and even the inbreeding depression of colonialists not willing to mix with the colonized belong to the irrationalities of one single rural colonialism.…”

Section: Environmental Consequences and Biological Implications Of Ru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-use, abuse, and institutional attempts for correcting human-nature relationships: Europe vs The Americas

I.¹,

David²,

Laura³

et al. 2022

Ethnobio Conserv

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Warnings regarding pollution, soil-fertility losses, mass extinction, Climate Change, and their effects on humans are widely known since > 50 years, still land-abuse pervasively remains. Looking into history and geography is needed for understanding the origins, environmental constrains, and ways for abandoning land-abuse. We explored all these guided by the following questions: (a) How the mentality transposed from the West into the Americas became dominant favoring non-sustainable land-managements? (b) How does the environment constrains the sustainability of mass agriculture? (c) Which events carried out by European decision makers, scientists, and activists generated their current support for more sustainable land-uses? We analyzed the importance of primogeniture and profit for transmitting land-abuse practices across generations. We looked into cultural adaptations and environmental constraints to agriculture among Temperate Oceanic Forests, Alpine Humid Tundras, and Neotropical Rain, Wet, and Dry-forests. Finally, we chronologically analyzed (A.D.1938-2018): major agricultural decisions collectively taken by West-European countries, and the development of environmentally-oriented thought and social movements. Primogeniture and profits culturally fixed the subordination of nature and people to a role of mere commodity-producers, making difficult for environmentalism to penetrate decision-making. Low-scale, sustainable agriculture remains traditionally practiced by Neotropical and Alpine indigenous peoples inhabiting fragile ecosystems, but became abandoned by lowland Europeand-Americas' landlords. European environmentalism is related to research-and-teaching of Ecology and Conservation in universities training prospects of both activists and decision makers. Instead, Americas' environmentalists are grass-rooted movements influenced or led by indigenous peoples. Paying traditional, indigenous agriculture is a recent European practice to be encouraged for the Americas.

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Is the “Habsburg jaw” related to inbreeding?

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies

3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies

Chip Off the Old Block: Generation, Development, and Ancestral Concepts of Heredity

Land-use, abuse, and institutional attempts for correcting human-nature relationships: Europe vs The Americas

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