Is the influence of neoliberalism on development norms waning? Evidence from the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Abstract

Motivation:The term "neoliberalism" is often used inaccurately, making it difficult to assess its actual influence. Nevertheless, neoliberalism continues to dominate ideas about economic and social change. Few attempts have been made to analyse the influence of countervailing ideas which may imply a retreat from neoliberalism. Purpose: The article seeks to identify the central characteristics of neoliberalism and how these have changed through time. It looks at how compatible neoliberal ideas are with two 2015 agreements that set norms for international development co-operation, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Approach and methods: The compatibility of neoliberal ideas with the central tenets of the 2015 agreements is assessed. In particular, the process of setting a separate goal for reducing inequality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is analysed. In addition, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda is compared with earlier agreements on financing for development. Findings: Central ideas of the two agreements significantly challenge neoliberal ideas. While neoliberal thinking still influences policy and practice, its setback in international co-operation reminds us to exercise caution when explaining social change as the result of neoliberal ideas. Policy Implications: Elements of the two international agreements point decisively in new directions. Neoliberal influences on international norms may be diminishing. Hence other ideas now stand a better chance to influence norms, policies and practices in development.