Is the Iranian Traditional Medicine warm and cold temperament related to Basal Metabolic Rate and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic system? Study protocol

Farsani, Gholamreza Mohammadi; Movahhed, Mina; Motlagh, Ahmadreza Dorosty; Hosseini, Saeed; Yunesian, Masud; Farsani, Taiebeh Mohammadi; Saboor-Yaraghi, Ali Akbar; Kamalinejad, Mohammad; Djafarian, Kurosh; Naseri, Mohsen

doi:10.1186/2251-6581-13-74

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As it is reported by Mohammadi Farsani G, et al, cold temper subjects had a non-signi cant lower BMR; while they had signi cantly lower heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [20]. But they mentioned that they would have an interventional phase investigating the acute phase effect of thyme/ sumac consumption as cold and hot temper agents on metabolic responses and sympathetic nervous system activity of the body that its results are not published yet [23]. As it is aforementioned, modi cation of the routine diet is superior to herbal/chemical drug usage in TPM school.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Traditional Persian Medicine Based Hot and Cold Foods on Metabolic Responses and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Men: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Zakerian¹,

Roudi²,

Rezvani³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM)-based temperament is affected by some determinant factors that seems to have close similarities to resting energy expenditure (REE) and thermic effect of food (TEF) determinants. Pulse characteristics is considered as a main tool distinguishing different temperaments and vascular function and the probability of cardiovascular events are different in hot and cold-temper individuals in TPM point of view. Additionally, all foods are divided into cold/hot-temper and dry/wet-temper in this medical school and may lead to different responses in subjects regarding their temperaments.Methods: This experiment will be an acute phase study that will be performed on two groups of healthy individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) with hot and cold temperament. Each person will receive two TPM-based hot/cold isocaloric breakfast meals in 2 different days and metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indices thorough blood samples, indirect calorimetry, and pulse wave analysis and velocimetry will be assessed at fasting state, 0.5, 2, and 4 hours following meal consumption. Discussion: We will investigate the metabolic differences between individuals with TPM-based hot and cold temperaments and also to evaluate the effects of different TPM-based temperament of isocaloric meals (hot and cold) on metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indices in TPM-based hot/cold temper healthy men in this study. The results of this research project may lead to design of novel combined TPM and modern nutrition-based diet planning to improve metabolic responses and vascular reactivity. Trial registration: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform IRCT20200417047105N1, retrospectively registered at 19/04/2020. URL: https://irct.ir/trial/47267.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Traditional Persian Medicine Based Hot and Cold Foods on Metabolic Responses and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Men: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Zakerian¹,

Roudi²,

Rezvani³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…For example, people with warm and wet temperaments have a larger body size [10, 35]. In recent studies, the relationship between temperament and certain concepts in conventional medicine like basal metabolism have been investigated [36]. This relationship, if proven, can be investigated due to the effect of metabolism on the amount of water required by the body [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Intake from the Points of View of Rhazes and Avicenna

et al. 2019

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Owing to the effect of acute and chronic hypohydration on health and the lethal effects of hyperhydration, an appropriate amount of water intake is important for each individual. Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) is a holistic system one of whose important parts deals with lifestyles and how to maintain health, including the amount of water intake for every person and the appropriate principles of drinking water. In this study, Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, Rhazes’ Benefits of Food and Its Harmfulness, and conventional medical articles were reviewed to evaluate the amount of water intake for each person and the principles of drinking water. TIM has expressed an individualized difference in the amount of water intake in the form of temperament and the relationship between the appropriate time of drinking water with other daily activities. In this view, drinking water at the inappropriate time causes liver and gastrointestinal diseases; it can create the foundation for conducting new studies in the field of appropriate water intake and lifestyle changes to reduce malnutrition complications.

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“…[23][24][25][26] Recent investigations have shown that hot (warm) and cold temperaments can be associated with BMR and similarly with sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system activity. 27,28 Some of these relationships are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Basic and Neurohormonal Parameters In Hot mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of basic and neurohormonal parameters in hot or cold temperament person proposed in Iranian Traditional Medicine: an observational study

Farsani

Naseri

Hosseini

et al. 2020

J. Contemp. Med. Sci.

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Objective: Much of energy for life sustainment is consumed as the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). Temperament is one of the core concepts in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). The aim of this study is to assess the BMR and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system and thyroid function in hot and cold temperament people. Our study is a repeated cross-sectional study that was implemented in two stages of 45 healthy volunteers. Methods: BMR was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. Thyroid function, sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system activity, body composition, and nutrition status were also evaluated. We used an independent T-test for data analysis by SPSS ver. 16. Results: Overall, 45 patients aged 18-40 participated in this study. Our results showed that the mean of BMRs were respectively 1664.09 kcals and 1909.48 kcals in cold and hot temperament individuals (P<0.3). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate peripheral temperature of individuals with hot temperament were significantly higher (P<0.05), While no statistically significant difference was seen in norepinephrine to epinephrine ratio, norepinephrine to cortisol ratio and core temperature. T3 and TSH levels were respectively 1.99 and 1.26 in cold temperament individuals and 1.38 and 1.40 in hot temperament individuals (P<0.05). Conclusion: It shows signs that there is a relationship between the BMR and neurohormonal system and body temperament meaning cold temperament people have lower BMR, sympathetic nervous system activity and thyroid function in comparison to others. Body health is negatively affected by BMR fluctuations. With regarding to this correspondence, the arrangement of a pattern for better BMR regulation is crucial.

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Is the Iranian Traditional Medicine warm and cold temperament related to Basal Metabolic Rate and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic system? Study protocol

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Traditional Persian Medicine Based Hot and Cold Foods on Metabolic Responses and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Men: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Traditional Persian Medicine Based Hot and Cold Foods on Metabolic Responses and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Men: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Water Intake from the Points of View of Rhazes and Avicenna

The Evaluation of basic and neurohormonal parameters in hot or cold temperament person proposed in Iranian Traditional Medicine: an observational study

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