Is the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase a potential biomarker for glucose monitoring with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Abstract

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder due to defects in insulin secretion or insulin resistance leading to the dysfunction and damage of various organs. To improve the clinical evaluation of short-term blood glycemic variability monitoring, it is critical to identify another blood cell status and nutritional status biomarker that is less susceptible to interference. This study identifies the significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level among T2DM patients treated in outpatient clinics and investigates the relationship of LDH level with other variables.MethodsThis study comprised 72 outpatients with T2DM over 20 years of age. Blood samples were collected followed by a hematological analysis of serum glycated albumin (GA), LDH, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-peptide, and insulin antibodies (insulin Ab).ResultsSerum LDH level was significantly correlated with GA (p < 0.001), C-peptide (p = 0.04), insulin Ab (p = 0.03), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (p = 0.04). Hence, we performed a linear regression analysis of hematological markers. GA (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.45) and insulin Ab (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.40) were significantly associated with LDH level. Then, we classified patients into low (<200 U/L) and high (≥200 U/L) serum LDH level groups, respectively. GA (p < 0.001), C-peptide (p = 0.001), and TSH (p = 0.03) showed significant differences in patients with high LDH levels compared with those in patients with low LDH levels.ConclusionIn conclusion, we suggested that LDH level was independent of long-term but associated with short-term blood glucose monitoring. The results indicated that changes in serum GA induced cell damage and the abnormal elevation of the serum level of LDH may occur simultaneously with glycemic variability. It has been reported that many biomarkers are being used to observe glucose variability in T2DM. However, LDH could provide a more convenient and faster evaluation of glycemic variability in T2DM.

Characterization of genetic and molecular tools for studying the endogenous expression of Lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

“…Ldh mutations were maintained in trans to the balancer chromosome TM3, p{Dfd-GMR-nvYFP}, Sb 1 (BDSC Stock 23231). Unless noted, Ldh mutant larvae harbored a trans-heterozygous combination of Ldh 16 and Ldh 17 as described in previous studies [44].…”

“…For example, Ldh is well-known to play a central role in tumor metabolism, and enhanced Ldh serum levels are used as one of the diagnostic parameters in oral, laryngeal, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and breast cancers [10][11][12][13]. The role of Ldh in human disease, however, extends far beyond cancer metabolism, as enhanced Ldh activity is also observed in diabetes and hyperglycemia [14][15][16][17], as well as during viral infections [18,19]. In this regard, despite the well-documented relationship between elevated Ldh activity and human disease progression, questions remain about the tissue-specific mechanisms that link changes in Ldh expression and activity with the overall disruption of human health.…”

Post-COVID-19 syndrome and insulin resistance 20 months after a mild COVID-19

“…Elevation of LDH is a sensitive indicator of increased cell membrane permeability and cell injury as well. LDH is a metabolic marker of physiological distress, often used to diagnose myocardial infarction, vessel damage, tissue injury, and certain types of malignant tumors [34].…”

“…MetS is a condition of chronic low-grade inflammation as a consequence of complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, in which IR seems to exert a key role [35]. Studies have reported high LDH levels in association with MetS [36,37] or with its components, such as hypertension, where high LDH levels have been related to albuminuria and glomerular endothelial damage [38] or T2DM, with a direct relation between LDH levels and BG, and increased LDH in association with short-term glycemic variability [34]. Certain hormones and growth factors, such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), stimulate the tissues to produce more lactate [28].…”

Association of lactate dehydrogenase and diabetic retinopathy in US adults with diabetes mellitus

“…Some researchers indicated that LDH could be used as a biochemical parameter of OS to predict the occurrence of DR 13,16,17 . Yu‐Shan Hsieh et al demonstrated that raised LDH is connected with glycated albumin (ALB) and insulin antibody levels 18 . Ye‐Li Wang et al did not observe the association between LDH and DM risk in Singapore Chinese 19 .…”