Is the Moon There If Nobody Looks: Bell Inequalities and Physical Reality

Kupczyński, Marian

doi:10.3389/fphy.2020.00273

Cited by 32 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Nonetheless the message relevant to the incompleteness of quantum theory is clear and is accentuated by the deliberations I have reported herein. A stirring review by Kupczynski [12] has recently supported a revived reconsideration of the widely acclaimed rejection of local realism.…”

Section: A Mystery Exposedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Mysteries for No One

Lad¹

2021

JMP

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I provide a critical reassessment of David Mermin's influential and misleading parable, "Quantum Mysteries for Anyone", identifying its errors and resolving them with a complete analysis of the quantum experiment it is meant to portray. Accessible to popular readership and requiring no knowledge of quantum physics at all, his exposition describes the curious behaviour of a machine that is designed to parody the empirical results of quantum experiments monitoring the spins of a pair of electrons under various conditions. The mysteries are said to unfold from contradictory results produced by a signal process that is proposed to explain them. I find that these results derive from a mathematical error of neglect, coupled with a confusion of two distinct types of experiments under consideration. One of these, a gedankenexperiment, provides the context in which the fabled defiance of Bell's inequality is thought to emerge. The errors are corrected by the recognition of functional relations embedded within the experimental conditions that have been long unnoticed. A Monte Carlo simulation of results in accord with the actual abstemious claims of quantum theory supports probability values that Mermin decries as unwarranted. However, the distribution it suggests is not definitive, in accord with the expressed agnostic position of quantum theory regarding measurements that cannot be executed. Bounding quantum probabilities are computed for the results of the gedankenexperiment relevant to Bell's inequality which inspired the parable. The problem is embedded in a 3 × 3 design of Stern-Gerlach magnet orientations at two observation stations. Computational resolution on the basis of Bruno de Finetti's fundamental theorem of probability requires the evaluation of a battery of three paired linear programming problems. Though technicalities are ornate, the message is clear. There are no mysteries of quantum mechanics that derive from mistaken understandings of Bell's inequality… for anyone.

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Section: A Mystery Exposedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Mysteries for No One

Lad¹

2021

JMP

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“…Furthermore, the CHSH constraints are, generally speaking, diminished as demonstrated in counterexamples 1, 2, 4, because of the limited presence of cyclicities that are a necessary condition for CHSH inequality 1b. This fact adds many more possibilities to the already previously published deficiencies of CHSH-Bell-type inequalities when applied to actual experiments (see also the work of Kupczynski [22]).…”

Section: What If the Vorob'ev Cyclicity Exists?mentioning

confidence: 86%

What Do Bell-Tests Prove? A Detailed Critique of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Including Counterexamples

Hess¹

2021

JMP

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Many future directions of scientific endeavors depend on quantum theory and the precise interpretation and significance of the entanglement of quantum-particles. This interpretation depends in turn on the physical meaning of so called Bell-tests that are mostly performed using entangled photons and randomly switched polarizers to measure their polarization at distant locations. This paper presents a detailed critique of the well known theory of Bell tests given by Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH). It is demonstrated that several important steps of the CHSH derivations contain serious inaccuracies of the underlying physics and probability theory and even a calculus error. As a consequence, the Bell-CHSH theory cannot be used to demonstrate extreme and opposite interpretations of entanglement such as super-luminal influences or alternatively super-determinism that cast aspersions on Einstein's concepts of locality and separability.

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“…, ′ a b . These have been identified in our Equation (1), while the corresponding expectations of detection products appeared in Equation (2). If quantum theory were to specify a complete distribution for the outcome of this gedankenexperiment, it would have to specify eight probabilities.…”

Section: E a B E A B E A B E A Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while surely in a minority camp of objectors, my analysis can be situated within a literature of creditable researchers whose perspective I share. The recent review article of Kupczynski [2] surveys and references more than eighty technical publications in this vein, both longstanding and recent, notably recognized contributions of Fine [3], Hess [4], Hess and Philipp [5], Khrennikov [6], and Kupczynski herself. The review provides many more references from these and other researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Violation of Bell’s Inequality: A Misunderstanding Based on a Mathematical Error of Neglect

Lad¹

2021

JMP

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This paper intends to show how the fabled violation of Bell's inequality by the probabilistic specifications of quantum mechanics derives from a mathematical error, an error of neglect. I have no objection to the probabilities specified by quantum theory, nor to the inequality itself as characterized in the formulation of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt. Designed to assess consequences of Einstein's principle of local realism, the inequality pertains to a li-

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Is the Moon There If Nobody Looks: Bell Inequalities and Physical Reality

Cited by 32 publications

References 112 publications

Quantum Mysteries for No One

Quantum Mysteries for No One

What Do Bell-Tests Prove? A Detailed Critique of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Including Counterexamples

Quantum Violation of Bell’s Inequality: A Misunderstanding Based on a Mathematical Error of Neglect

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