Is the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy measuring two or five dimensions? Evidence in a French sample

Myszkowski, Nils; Brunet-Gouet, Éric; Roux, Paul; Robieux, Léonore; Malézieux, Antoine; Boujut, Émilie

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.047

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Finally, although the structure of two correlated higher order factors of cognitive and affective empathy (Model 2) was still considered acceptable, the five correlated factor structure (Model 1) presented a slight advantage based on the examination of the goodness of fit indices. These results, which provide a stronger support for the five correlated factor model, are in line with recent data from Myszkowski and colleagues [ 68 ]. Additionally, similarly to both the original version of the QCAE and to the more recent French adaptation of the instrument [ 68 ], the two correlated higher order factor model presented a negative residual variance problem in the Peripheral Responsivity factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results, which provide a stronger support for the five correlated factor model, are in line with recent data from Myszkowski and colleagues [ 68 ]. Additionally, similarly to both the original version of the QCAE and to the more recent French adaptation of the instrument [ 68 ], the two correlated higher order factor model presented a negative residual variance problem in the Peripheral Responsivity factor. As has been pointed out by Chen and colleagues [ 62 ], among the possible causes for improper solutions are, for example, sample size fluctuations, outliers or influential cases, or even model misspecification.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample

et al. 2018

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Empathy is an important concept in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Despite the controversy around its definition, most researchers would agree that empathy is a multidimensional phenomenon which involves a vicarious experience of another person’s affective state and an understanding of another person’s affective experience. Self-report measures of empathy constitute an important tool for both research and clinical practice. The main goal of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), a worldwide used measure of empathy, in a Portuguese community sample (N = 562). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the original QCAE. Results show that the Portuguese version of the QCAE has sound psychometric properties, with good structural validity and internal consistency for both scales (i.e., affective and cognitive) and respective subscales of the instrument (i.e., Emotion Contagion, Proximal Responsivity, Peripheral Responsivity, Perspective Taking and Online Simulation). We tested both a five correlated factor structure (Model 1) and a second-order model that postulates the affective and cognitive dimensions (Model 2). Our results show that while both models present acceptable goodness of fit indices, Model 1 performs slightly better. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the QCAE may prove a useful tool for future cross-cultural assessments of empathy in both research and clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample

et al. 2018

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“…(b) Empathic Distress is when one is personally distressed by the distress of another person (Batson et al, 1987). (c) Perspective taking is the cognitive ability of imagining the perspective of others (Reniers et al, 2011;Myszkowski et al, 2017). (d) Online simulation is the ability to predict other people's emotions (Reniers et al, 2011).…”

Section: Defining Empathic Phenomena Through Their Processes and Exprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Empathy Through Virtual Reality: Multiple Strategies for Training Empathy-Related Abilities Using Body Ownership Illusions in Embodied Virtual Reality

et al. 2018

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Several disciplines have investigated the interconnected empathic abilities behind the proverb "to walk a mile in someone else's shoes" to determine how the presence, and absence, of empathy-related phenomena affect prosocial behavior and intergroup relations. Empathy enables us to learn from others' pain and to know when to offer support. Similarly, virtual reality (VR) appears to allow individuals to step into someone else's shoes, through a perceptual illusion called embodiment, or the body ownership illusion. Considering these perspectives, we propose a theoretical analysis of different mechanisms of empathic practices in order to define a possible framework for the design of empathic training in VR. This is not intended to be an extensive review of all types of practices, but an exploration of empathy and empathy-related phenomena. Empathyrelated training practices are analyzed and categorized. We also identify different variables used by pioneer studies in VR to promote empathy-related responses. Finally, we propose strategies for using embodied VR technology to train specific empathy-related abilities.

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“…The psychometric properties and construct validity of the QCAE have been widely reported in healthy (Myszkowski et al, 2017;Reniers et al, 2011) and clinical populations (Horan et al, 2015;Michaels et al, 2014). The QCAE has also been adapted and validated in French (Myszkowski et al, 2017), Portuguese (Queirós et al, 2018), Italian (Di Girolamo, Giromini, Winters, Serie, & de Ruiter, 2017), and Korean (Lee et al, 2016). Despite differences in their age and ethnicity, the five-factor model remains valid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation and extension of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in the Chinese setting

Liang

Yang

et al. 2019

PsyCh Journal

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The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a commonly used instrument in empathy research. However, this scale has not been validated in the Chinese context. We examined the psychometric properties and structure of the QCAE in a Chinese sample consisting of 1224 college students. The whole sample was split into two halves for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 617) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 607). A subsample (n = 351) completed the Chinese versions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to examine convergent validity and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) to examine the discriminate validity. Finally, 79 participants of the above subsample were retested after a 4‐week interval. Results from EFA and CFA suggested a five‐factor model, namely Perspective Taking, Online Simulation, Emotional Contagion, Proximal Responsivity, and Peripheral Responsivity. The internal consistency was .86 and test–retest reliability was .76. Scores on the QCAE positively correlated with scores on the IRI and negatively correlated with scores on the RSAS. The Chinese version of the QCAE exhibited good factor structure, reliability, and validity. Specific relationships between empathy and social anhedonia were also demonstrated.

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Is the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy measuring two or five dimensions? Evidence in a French sample

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample

Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample

Learning Empathy Through Virtual Reality: Multiple Strategies for Training Empathy-Related Abilities Using Body Ownership Illusions in Embodied Virtual Reality

Validation and extension of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in the Chinese setting

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