Is the renal space closed?

Wolfram-Gabel, R.; Kahn, J.-L.; Rapp, E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(2000)13:3<168::aid-ca2>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Histological examination is helpful for clinical anatomical studies because it does not introduce preparation artifacts (Wolfram‐Gable et al, ; Wolfram‐Gable and Kahn, ). The microscopic findings in our study showed that eyelid subcutaneous fat contained many smaller lobules surrounded by dense fibrous tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous Fat in the Upper Eyelids of Asians: Application to Blepharoplasty

et al. 2019

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The Asian eyelid has distinctive anatomical properties. Although the upper eyelid is reported in the literature to have no subcutaneous fat layer, we have often noticed adipose tissue below the upper eyelid skin during ophthalmic plastic surgeries. The aim of the present study was to examine the anatomical and histological features of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Asian upper eyelids using biopsies and microscopic morphological analysis. A total of 30 Chinese patients (60 upper eyelids) undergoing upper blepharoplasty were evaluated. The subcutaneous fat in the upper eyelids was surgically harvested and examined histologically. This study yielded two main findings. First, upper eyelid subcutaneous fat was found in 28 of the 30 patients. This fat layer was the inferior extension of the eyebrow subcutaneous fat layer, which descended and covered the superior half of the upper eyelid. Second, the lobules of subcutaneous fat in the upper eyelid were surrounded by dense fibrous tissues, and the fat cells were smaller than abdominal adipocytes but similar in size to orbital fat cells. Subcutaneous fat tissue is prominent in the upper eyelids of most Asians and is one important contributor to the bulky appearance of those eyelids. Clin. Anat. 33:338–342, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous Fat in the Upper Eyelids of Asians: Application to Blepharoplasty

et al. 2019

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Adipose body of the orbit

Wolfram-Gabel¹,

Kahn²

2002

Clinical Anatomy

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The adipose body of the orbit (ABO) fills most of the orbital cavity, surrounding the eyeball, muscles, nerves, and vessels. It was studied in histologic section in the three basic planes in the fetus, neonate, and adult. In the retrobulbar area, that is, posterior to the eyeball, adipose tissue occupies the space around the optic nerve and penetrates between the recti muscles, describing a four-leafed clover pattern in frontal section. The fatty tissue of the retrobulbar area also includes the peripheral ring of fat that lies between the muscles and the walls of the orbit. In the part of the peribulbar area located between the muscular insertions on the eyeball anteriorly and the emergence of the optic nerve from the sclera posteriorly, the pattern of adipose tissue is identical to the peripheral ring of fat and the fat between the muscles in the retrobulbar area. External to the muscular insertions and the anterior part of the eyeball, there is a thin ring of histologically similar fatty tissue that is continuous anteriorly with the fatty bodies of the upper and lower eyelids. Histologic examination shows that the lobules are large in that part of the retrobulbar area within the muscle cone and that they are smaller with more fibrous septa in the remaining restricted regions, such as the area between the eyeball and muscles and in the rings around the muscles and around the eyeball. In no case was a septum found separating the peripheral adipose ring from the fat located within the muscle cone.

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