Is the use of hyperoxia in sports effective, safe and ethical?

Sperlich, Billy; Calbet, José A. L.; Boushel, Robert; Holmberg, Hans‐Christer

doi:10.1111/sms.12746

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Recently oxygen supplementation has been shown to improve performance in elite athletes [4]. Three mechanisms have been proposed to account for the benefits of hyperoxia in sport: (1) direct application of hyperoxia during exercise increasing tissue oxygenation; (2) hyperoxia used after exercise to improve brain function and allowing faster recovery; and (3) hyperoxia may increase and maintain training effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimal concentration of oxygen to provide the greatest benefit in a particular experimental setting is currently unclear. Inhaled oxygen concentrations ranging from 30% to 100% have been studied, with no direct comparison of the impact of different oxygen concentrations on the physiological response [4]. Generally, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) requires application of pressure of three atmosphere absolute (3 ATA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autonomic and Cognitive Function Response to Normobaric Hyperoxia Exposure in Healthy Subjects. Preliminary Study

et al. 2020

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Background and objective: This is the first study to investigate the effect of high-flow oxygen therapy, using a normobaric chamber on cognitive, biochemical (oxidative stress parameters and the level of neurotrophins), cardiovascular and autonomic functioning. Materials and methods: 17 healthy volunteers, eight males and nine females, with a mean age of 37.5 years, were examined. The experimental study involved ten two-hour exposures in a normobaric chamber with a total pressure of 1500 hPa, in air adjusted to 37% oxygen, 1.079% carbon dioxide and 0.44% hydrogen. Cognitive function was assessed by using Trail Making Test parts A, B and difference in results of these tests (TMT A, TMT B and TMT B-A); California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT); Digit symbol substitution test (DSST); and Digit Span (DS). Fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), cardiovascular, autonomic and baroreceptor functioning (Task Force Monitor) and biochemical parameters were measured before and after intervention. Results: After 10 sessions in the normobaric chamber, significant decreases in weight, caused mainly by body fat % decrease (24.86 vs. 23.93%, p = 0.04 were observed. TMT part A and B results improved (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.001, respectively). In contrast, there was no statistically significant influence on TMT B-A. Moreover, decrease in the number of symbols left after a one-minute test in DSST was noted (p = 0.0001). The mean number of words correctly recalled in the CVLT Long Delay Free Recall test improved (p = 0.002), and a reduction in fatigue was observed (p = 0.001). Biochemical tests showed a reduction in levels of malondialdehyde (p < 0.001), with increased levels of Cu Zn superoxide dismutase (p < 0.001), Neurotrophin 4 (p = 0.0001) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.001). A significant increase in nitric oxide synthase 2 (Z = 2.29, p = 0.02) and Club cell secretory protein (p = 0.015) was also noted. Baroreceptor function was significantly improved after normobaric exposures (p = 0.003). Significant effect of normobaric exposures and BDNF in CVLT Long Delay Free Recall was noted. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that 10 exposures in a normobaric chamber have a positive impact on visual information and set-shifting processing speed and increase auditory-verbal short-term memory, neurotrophic levels and baroreceptor function. A response of the respiratory tract to oxidative stress was also noted. There is a need to rigorously examine the safety of normobaric therapy. Further studies should be carried out with physician examination, both pre and post treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic and Cognitive Function Response to Normobaric Hyperoxia Exposure in Healthy Subjects. Preliminary Study

et al. 2020

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“…Hyperoxia elicits reductions in blood lactate at many workloads 1,27 and although hyperoxia given during recovery periods attenuates lactate accumulation, the effects are more variable.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of hyperoxia on repeated sprint cycling performance & muscle fatigue

Porter

Fenton

Reed

2019

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Objectives: Hyperoxia (> 21% oxygen) can evoke performance improvements in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. The aims of the current study were to determine the effects of breathing hyperoxic gas (fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] 1.00) on repeated cycle performance, and to assess the nature and extent of fatigue after intermittent sprinting. Design & Methods: Testing (n=14 males) comprised two visits to the laboratory. Each session involved 10 x 15s repeated cycle sprints breathing FiO2 1.00 (hyperoxia) or FiO2 0.21 (normoxia). Muscle fatigue was measured pre and post sprints using maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated doublet twitch (PTF). Blood lactate (BLa) was taken between sprints. Paired samples t-tests were used to examine difference between conditions in power output (peak and mean Watts) and BLa. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine fatigue variables pre and post sprints according to condition. Results: Mean power output was 4% greater in hyperoxia (p<0.01), with no difference in peak power (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in BLa in hyperoxia compared with normoxia (p<0.01) in sprints 4 and 8, as well as meaningful difference in sprints 4-10. There was no significant difference in fatigue factors (MVC, VA and PTF) (p>0.05) in response to the cycling, although a large drop in PTF occurred in both conditions. Conclusion: Hyperoxia can elicit improvements in mean cycling power, with no significant change in post exercise muscle fatigue. Hyperoxia as a training aid may provide performance enhancing effects during repeated sprint cycling by reducing concurrent muscle fatigue, primarily via peripheral factors.

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“…Известно, что воздействие гипероксии при мышечной работе повышает работоспособность при субмаксимальном и максимальном упражнении. Этот факт подробно представлен в недавней работе [73]. Однако нам необходимо получить однозначные ответы на следующие вопросы, которые затрагиваются в названной публикации.…”

Section: Keywordunclassified

“…В развернутых ответах авторы [73] приводят результаты исследований, которые подтверждают, что: а) данные о влиянии гипероксии при восстановлении после высокоинтенсивного упражнения на последующую работоспособность неубедительны [35,57,72,82]; б) даже если имеются изменения в физиологических показателях в результате тренировок в условиях гипероксии, показатели изученной ферментной активности мышц, определяющих работоспособность, не отличаются от таковых при нормоксии, а работоспособность спортсменов не увеличивается [43,59]; в) гипероксия, содействуя артериальной сатурации O 2 [52], уменьшает ощущение возбуждения в интервалах восстановления между повторяющимися высокоинтенсивными и спринтерскими упражнениями как в условиях среднегорья, так и на уровне моря, не улучшает работоспособность [35,72,86].…”

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