Is there a combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve on cognitive function? Findings from a population-based study

Lara, Elvira; Martín‐María, Natalia; Olaya, Beatriz; Haro, Josep María; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luís

doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1927030

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, other factors are considered as risk factors and could contribute to cognitive decline. Depression mood disorder commonly occurs in association with mild cognitive impairment, and evidence suggests that depression confers a higher rate of progression along the neurodegenerative spectrum from MCI to dementia [28,29]. Evaluation of depressive syndromes in cognitively impaired patients is complicated by the symptom overlap with dementia [30], but symptoms of depression in geriatric patients have been detected using the Spanish version of the 15-point Geriatric Depression Scale [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2021

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The Cognitive Reserve hypothesis suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to cope with the pathologic changes in Alzheimer’s Disease. The proportion of elderly individuals has increased in recent years; this increase emphasizes the importance of early detection of mild cognitive impairment and the promotion of healthy ageing. The purpose of our study is to characterize cognitive reserve and occupational performance implications in people with mild cognitive impairment. 125 patients with mild cognitive impairment were enrolled. The Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive status and the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) as an indicator of cognitive reserve. Higher level of education was associated with higher MoCA scores (r = 0.290, p = 0.001). Positive significant correlations were observed between MoCA and total CRIq (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) as well as its three sub-domains, education (r = 0.231, p = 0.010), working activity (r = 0.237, p = 0.008) and leisure time (r = 0.319, p < 0.001). This study findings provide the importance of considering socio-behavioral factors in cognitive status. This research helps to describe the importance of engaging occupationally along the whole life-course as a potential protective factor in ageing, and includes a perspective of occupational therapy regarding the hypothesis of cognitive reserve.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2021

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“…Many previous reports also indicate that age (Lenehan et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017), depressive symptoms (Murphy and O'Leary, 2010;Rock et al, 2014;O'Shea et al, 2015;Lara et al, 2022), number of medications (Cheng et al, 2018;Khezrian et al, 2019), and brain atrophy (Stern et al, 2018) are negatively associated with cognitive performance. In contrast, trait anxiety facilitates performance in several of our cognitive tests, probably because both trait (Salthouse, 2012) and state anxiety (Potvin et al, 2013;Martinussen et al, 2019) have an inverted U-shaped relationship with cognitive performance; high levels are harmful but moderate levels may be beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dimensions of cognitive reserve and their predictive power of cognitive performance and decline in the elderly

del Ser,

Valeriano-Lorenzo,

Jáñez-Escalada

et al. 2023

Front. Dement.

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BackgroundThe relative importance of different components of cognitive reserve (CR), as well as their differences by gender, are poorly established.ObjectiveTo explore several dimensions of CR, their differences by gender, and their effects on cognitive performance and trajectory in a cohort of older people without relevant psychiatric, neurologic, or systemic conditions.MethodsTwenty-one variables related to the education, occupation, social activities, and life habits of 1,093 home-dwelling and cognitively healthy individuals, between 68 and 86 years old, were explored using factorial analyses to delineate several dimensions of CR. These dimensions were contrasted with baseline cognitive performance, follow-up over 5 years of participants' cognitive trajectory, conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and brain volumes using regression and growth curve models, controlling for gender, age, marital status, number of medications, trait anxiety, depression, and ApoE genotype.ResultsFive highly intercorrelated dimensions of CR were identified, with some differences in their structure and effects based on gender. Three of them, education/occupation, midlife cognitive activities, and leisure activities, were significantly associated with late-life cognitive performance, accounting for more than 20% of its variance. The education/occupation had positive effect on the rate of cognitive decline during the 5-year follow up in individuals with final diagnosis of MCI but showed a reduced risk for MCI in men. None of these dimensions showed significant relationships with gray or white matter volumes.ConclusionProxy markers of CR can be represented by five interrelated dimensions. Education/occupation, midlife cognitive activities, and leisure activities are associated with better cognitive performance in old age and provide a buffer against cognitive impairment. Education/occupation may delay the clinical onset of MCI and is also associated with the rate of change in cognitive performance.

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“…Krendl & Perry 23 reinforced this idea by explaining that isolation affects the metacognitive and social aspects of the elderly more than other populations, thus making depression more prevalent in this population compared to others. Lara et al 24 also added that the prevalence of depression in this population is due to the lack of social engagement and support for older adults due to COV-ID-19 pandemic restrictions. Gaggero et al 19 further explained that older adults require social engagement more than anything else, so it becomes easy for them to develop depressive symptoms when engagement is lacking.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 impacts and interventions for older adults: implications for future disasters

Mitchell,

Henry,

Ager

2023

JGG

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Is there a combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve on cognitive function? Findings from a population-based study

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Dimensions of cognitive reserve and their predictive power of cognitive performance and decline in the elderly

COVID-19 impacts and interventions for older adults: implications for future disasters

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