Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review

Jurek, Lucie; Sevil, Marine; Jay, Agathe; Schröder, Carmen; Baghdadli, Amaria; Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève; Geoffray, Marie‐Maude

doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01544-1

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Consistently, an increasing number of studies have shown gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders [14][15][16][17][18][19]. For ADHD, an increasing number of studies have reported that the gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa differ between patients and healthy controls [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2021

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Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific gut microbiome signatures for the disorder remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on the pediatric form of the disorder and involved small sample sizes, we conducted the largest study to date to compare the gastrointestinal microbiome composition in 100 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 100 sex-matched healthy controls. We found evidence that ADHD subjects have differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the family level, our data support a lower relative abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and higher levels of Selenomonadaceae and Veillonellaceae in adults with ADHD. In addition, the ADHD group showed higher levels of Dialister and Megamonas and lower abundance of Anaerotaenia and Gracilibacter at the genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% of the variance of ADHD, and this microbial signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 71% for distinguishing between ADHD patients and healthy controls. We also tested whether the selected genera correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), or scores of the ADHD rating scale but found no evidence of correlation between genera relative abundance and any of the selected traits. These results are in line with recent studies supporting gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopment disorders, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota on the ADHD across the lifespan and its contribution to the persistence of the disorder from childhood to adulthood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2021

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“…According to the AMSTAR-2 criteria, 21 SRs [7,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] scored "critically low," 16 SR [13,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] scored "low," and 5 SR [36,[52][53][54][55] scored "moderate" (Figure 2). The most frequent drawbacks were as follows: no mentioning of the protocol in the systematic overview, no description of the rationale for the study designs included in the review, and no statement of funding for the included studies.…”

Section: Methodological Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) [31,40,41], 10 SRs included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [17,19,22,37,39,45,46,49,51,53], 1 SR included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [21], 2 SRs included anorexia nervosa (AN) [36,45], 5 SRs included bipolar disorder (BD) [20,43,45,46,52], 1 SR included eating disorder (ED) [27], 2 SRs included generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [45,46], 9 SRs included major depressive disorder (MDD) [20,23,26,28,33,45,46,52,56], 3 SRs included multiple sclerosis (MS) [13,25,54], 1 SR included obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) [45], 6 SRs included Parkinson's disease (PD) [7,25,27,35,44,47], 2 SRs included posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [45,46], 2 SRs included spinal cord Injury (SCI) [13,…”

Section: Mediators Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Various Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders—An Evidence Mapping Based on Quantified Evidence

Zang

Lai

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background and Object. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the significant role of gut microbiota in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. We performed an evidence mapping to review the association between different microbiota and these disorders and assessed the strength of evidence for these associations. Methods. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos to identify systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SRs). We searched for neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anorexia nervosa (AN), bipolar disorder (BD), eating disorder (ED), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), multiple sclerosis (MS), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), spinal cord injury (SCI), schizophrenia, and stroke. We used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) to evaluate the quality of included SRs. We also created an evidence map showing the role of gut microbiota in neurological diseases and the certainty of the evidence. Results. In total, 42 studies were included in this evidence mapping. Most findings were obtained from observational studies. According to the AMSTAR-2 assessment, 21 SRs scored “critically low” in terms of methodological quality, 16 SR scored “low,” and 5 SR scored “moderate.” A total of 15 diseases have been investigated for the potential association between gut microbiome alpha diversity and disease, with the Shannon index and Simpson index being the most widely studied. A total of 12 diseases were investigated for potential link between beta diversity and disease. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were more researched. At the genus level, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Escherichia Shigella, Alistipes, Sutteralla, Veillonella, Odoribacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Blautia were more researched. Some diseases have been found to have specific flora changes, and some diseases have been found to have common intestinal microbiological changes. Conclusion. We found varied levels of evidence for the associations between gut microbiota and neurological diseases; some gut microbiota increased the risk of neurological diseases, whereas others showed evidence of benefit that gut microbiota might be promising therapeutic targets for such diseases.

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“…Indirect pathways attributed to the functional changes result in increased gut permeability, allowing leakage of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides and consequently initiation of the inflammatory cascade (Nagpal et al, 2018;Yoo et al, 2020;Ahmad et al, 2017;Thevaranjan et al, 2017). The hypothesis of GBA involvement in ADHD etiology was further supported by detecting abnormalities of gastrointestinal system functioning, change in gut microbiota and higher prevalence of inflammatory disorders among children with ADHD (Jurek et al, 2020;Ming et al, 2018;Cenit et al, 2017;Kedem et al, 2020;McKeown et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2020;Anand et al, 2017). In this regard, applying treatment options for improving gut integrity and also modulating the inflammatory response might be effective to manage ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Probiotic supplement as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Ghanaatgar

Taherzadeh

Ariyanfar

et al. 2022

NFS

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Purpose Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of microbiota-directed intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements as an adjunct therapy in combination with Ritalin in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Design/methodology/approach Children with ADHD, aged 6–12 years, who had an intelligent quotient of ≥70 were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the group that received probiotics or the group that received the placebo in addition to the weight-adjusted dose of Ritalin. Parents were asked to complete the revised Conners Parent Rating Scale–short version (CPRS–RS), and the psychiatrist completed the seven-point Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI–S) scale. Two study groups were compared in three time points, including T1 (before intervention), T2 (at the end of fourth week) and T3 (at the end of the eighth week). Findings A total of 38 participants completed the study. After eight weeks of intervention, the probiotic group had a significant improvement regarding CPRS–RS scores in T2 (9.4 unit, p = 0.014) and T3 (18.6 unit, p < 0.001), compared to placebo. In addition, children in the probiotic group had 0.7 unit lower CGI in T3 (p = 0.018) than the placebo group. A significant reduction of CGI scores was observed in each interval (T2 vs T1, T3 vs T2 and T3 vs T1; p < 0.05). This significant change in CGI score between intervals was also detected in the placebo group in T2 vs T1 (p = 0.002) and T3 vs T1 (p < 0.001). Mean CPRS scores of the groups were different in T2 and T3 (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively) and mean CGI scores of the two study groups were different in T3 (p = 0.018). Originality/value Eight weeks of supplementation with probiotics had a favorable effect on symptoms and severity of ADHD. Therefore, probiotics as an adjuvant treatment might have a promising efficacy regarding the management of ADHD.

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Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Various Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders—An Evidence Mapping Based on Quantified Evidence

Probiotic supplement as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

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