Is There a Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM)? Commentary on the Study by Stoet and Geary (2018)

Richardson, Sarah S.; Reiches, Meredith W.; Bruch, Joseph Dov; Boulicault, Marion; Noll, Nicole E.; Shattuck‐Heidorn, Heather

doi:10.1177/0956797619872762

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Even in countries with gender-equal outcomes (high Gender Gap Index), where women and men have equal access to health and education, entrenched gender norms about moral phenomena persist. Moreover, these findings tell us nothing about individuals' experience of gender inequality and their moral judgements [44]. These findings are consistent with evolutionary psychological research on sex differences across cultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…higher gender parity; r = 0.27, 95% CI [0.09, 0.46], FDR-adjusted p = 0.019) cultures. Since the Gender Gap Index has rightly been criticized, arguing that it is not intended to be used to explain outcomes causally [44], we replicated these correlations using the Gender Inequality Index [38]. The results were shown to be consistent (see electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Yet, sex differences in Loyalty and Authority were mixed in direction and smaller in magnitude (as in Study 1, we conducted robustness checks to account for geographical and cultural non-independence of countries; see electronic supplementary materials for details, results were not meaningfully different from the estimates provided in table 3 . As a robustness check for the relationship between the size of sex differences and gender inequality [44], we replicated this correlation using the Gender Inequality Index [38] as in Study 1. The results were again shown to be consistent (see electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific understanding of sex differences in morality, the current research relies on two international samples to provide the first large-scale examination of sex differences in moral judgements nested within cultures. Using a sample from 67 countries (Study 1; n = 336 691), we found culturally variable sex differences in moral judgements, as conceptualized by Moral Foundations Theory. Women consistently scored higher than men on Care, Fairness, and Purity. By contrast, sex differences in Loyalty and Authority were negligible and highly variable across cultures. Country-level sex differences in moral judgements were also examined in relation to cultural, socioeconomic, and gender-equality indicators revealing that sex differences in moral judgements are larger in individualist, Western, and gender-equal societies. In Study 2 (19 countries; n = 11 969), these results were largely replicated using Bayesian multi-level modelling in a distinct sample. The findings were robust when incorporating cultural non-independence of countries into the models. Specifically, women consistently showed higher concerns for Care, Fairness, and Purity in their moral judgements than did men. Sex differences in moral judgements were larger in individualist and gender-equal societies with more flexible social norms. We discuss the implications of these findings for the ongoing debate about the origin of sex differences and cultural variations in moral judgements as well as theoretical and pragmatic implications for moral and evolutionary psychology.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a critique of the claim that the gender gap in STEM education is smaller in more gender-unequal nations, seeRichardson et al (2020). For a response to the critique, seeStoet and Geary (2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a critique of theStoet and Geary (2018) finding, and of the gender-equality measure used in many of the above studies (the GGGI), seeRichardson et al (2020). For a response, seeStoet and Geary (2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Men, Women, and STEM: Why the Differences and What Should Be Done?

Stewart‐Williams¹,

Halsey²

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is a well-known and widely lamented fact that men outnumber women in a number of fields in STEM, including physics, mathematics, and computer science. The most commonly discussed explanations for the gender gaps are discrimination and socialization, and the most common policy prescriptions are targeted at those ostensible causes. However, a great deal of evidence in the behavioral sciences suggests that discrimination and socialization are only part of the story. The purpose of this paper is to highlight other aspects of the story: aspects that are commonly overlooked or downplayed. More precisely, the paper has two main aims. The first is to examine the evidence that factors other than workplace discrimination make a significant contribution to the gender gaps in STEM. These factors include relatively large average sex differences in career and lifestyle preferences, and relatively small average differences in cognitive aptitudessome favoring males, others favoring femaleswhich are associated with progressively larger differences the further above the average one looks. The second aim is to evaluate the evidence suggesting that these sex differences are not purely a product of social factors but also have a substantial biological (or "innate") component. A more complete picture of the many causes of the unequal sex ratios in STEM may productively inform policy debates, and is likely to improve women's situation across the STEM fields. Men, Women, and ScienceWhy the Differences and What Should Be Done?Never has the issue of gender disparities been as widely discussed, or as bitterly contested, as it has been in recent years. From the Oscars to the political podium, from TV shows to the workplace, disparities are identified and debate inevitably ensues. In the occupational realm, one of the primary focuses of this debate has been the differential representation of men and women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math). 1 This was epitomized by the infamous "Google memo," in which then-Google employee James Damore (2017) questioned the extent to which observed gender disparities in STEM are a product of workplace discrimination. The memo, and Damore's subsequent dismissal from Google, provoked a great deal of discussion and debate about the causes of STEM disparities and the origins of human sex differences. Unfortunately, much of this debate was decidedly inaccurate in its presentation of the research on the topic. A great deal was said about bias and discrimination, but relatively little about other factors contributing to STEM gender gaps (e.g., Chachra, 2017). Furthermore, to the extent that other factors were mentionedfactors such as average sex differences in academic interests these were typically attributed to socialization, rather than to biology or to a 1 Strictly speaking, the issue is not STEM per se, but rather STEM fields that focus on the non-living world, or that have a strong spatial or mathematical component. According to Ceci et al. (2014), the STEM fields should be divided into GE...

show abstract

Geschlechtsunterschiede

Neyer,

Asendorpf

2024

Psychologie Der Persönlichkeit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Is There a Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM)? Commentary on the Study by Stoet and Geary (2018)

Cited by 51 publications

References 13 publications

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

Men, Women, and STEM: Why the Differences and What Should Be Done?

Geschlechtsunterschiede

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About