Is There a Glass Ceiling in Sweden?

Albrecht, James; Björklund, Anders; Vroman, Susan

doi:10.1086/344126

Cited by 707 publications

(702 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At the same time, there is also evidence that the effects of occupation are not constant across the wage distribution and that occupational segregation may impose more of a wage penalty on women at the top than at the bottom of the wage distribution. Albrecht et al (2003), for example, find that the occupational distribution explains more of the gender wage gap among high-wage than low-wage Swedish workers. Barón and Cobb-Clark (2010) find similar results for Australian women in both private-and public-sector employment, while Arulampalam et al (2007) find the same for some (though not all) European countries.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Accounting For Occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncognitive skills, occupational attainment, and relative wages

Cobb‐Clark¹,

Tan²

2011

Labour Economics

187

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This paper examines whether men's and women's noncognitive skills influence their occupational attainment and, if so, whether this contributes to the disparity in their relative wages. We find that noncognitive skills have a substantial effect on the probability of employment in many, though not all, occupations in ways that differ by gender. Consequently, men and women with similar noncognitive skills enter occupations at very different rates. Women, however, have lower wages on average not because they work in different occupations than men do, but rather because they earn less than their male colleagues employed in the same occupation. On balance, women's noncognitive skills give them a slight wage advantage. Finally, we find that accounting for the endogeneity of occupational attainment more than halves the proportion of the overall gender wage gap that is unexplained.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Accounting For Occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncognitive skills, occupational attainment, and relative wages

Cobb‐Clark¹,

Tan²

2011

Labour Economics

187

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“…That is, comparing the distributions of log wages of men and women who work full time, the gender gap is greatest at the highest quantiles, although this effect is not as pronounced as in the Scandinavian countries. As a first step to understand this pattern, we use the M-M method without correcting for selection as applied in Albrecht, Björklund, and Vroman (2003) to decompose the difference between the male and female full-time log wage distributions into a component due to the difference in the distributions of observable characteristics between genders and a component due to the difference in the distributions of rewards to these characteristics between genders. As in the Swedish case, the difference in the distributions of characteristics explains little of the difference between the two log wage distributions.…”

Section: Application: Log Wage Gender Gap In the Netherlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…between the genders and a component due to the difference in the distributions of rewards to these characteristics between the genders. Such studies include Albrecht, Björklund, and Vroman (2003) for Sweden, de la Rica, Dolado, and Llorens (2007) for Spain, and Arulampalam, Booth, and Bryan (2007) across several European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterfactual distributions with sample selection adjustments: Econometric theory and an application to the Netherlands

2009

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Several recent papers use the quantile regression decomposition method of Machado and Mata (2005) to analyze the gender gap in log wages across the distribution. Since employment rates often differ substantially by gender, sample selection is potentially a serious issue for such studies. To address this issue, we extend the Machado-Mata technique to account for selection. In addition, we prove that this procedure yields consistent and asymptotically normal estimates of the quantiles of the counterfactual distribution that it is designed to simulate.We illustrate our approach by analyzing the gender log wage gap between men and women who work full time in the Netherlands. Because the fraction of women working full time in the Netherlands is quite low, this is a case in which sample selection is clearly important. We find a positive selection of women into full-time work and find that about two thirds of this selection is due to observables such as education and experience with the remainder due to unobservables. Our decompositions show that the majority of the gender gap across the log wage distribution is due to differences between men and women in the distributions of returns to labor market characteristics rather than to differences in the distributions of the characteristics themselves.

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“…The method estimates the marginal density function of BMI in a given country implied by different counterfactual distributions of all the covariates included. This counterfactual decomposition approach has been developed by Machado and Mata (2005) and repeatedly applied to the analysis of changes in the wage schedule across time and space (Garcia et al, 2001;Albrecht et al, 2003;Melly, 2005;Arulampalam et al, 2007). The methodology is applied here to an analysis of the variation in the BMI distribution in Spain with respect to Italy in the year 2003.…”

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confidence: 99%