Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)

Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel; Gasthuys, Frank; Luna, Stélio Pacca Loureiro; Schauvliege, Stijn

doi:10.1111/jvp.12474

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…anaesthesia with dexmedetomidine and a volatile anaesthetic (Gozalo‐Marcilla et al . ). In man, continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during craniotomy resulted in haemodynamic stability, reduced sevoflurane and fentanyl requirements, decreased intracranial pressure and a significantly improved outcome (Soliman et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dexmedetomidine reduced the MAC of sevoflurane in ponies by 53 AE 15% (Gozalo-Marcilla et al 2013), while cardiovascular function is well preserved during partial i.v. anaesthesia with dexmedetomidine and a volatile anaesthetic (Gozalo-Marcilla et al 2018). In man, continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during craniotomy resulted in haemodynamic stability, reduced sevoflurane and fentanyl requirements, decreased intracranial pressure and a significantly improved outcome (Soliman et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Successful surgical debridement of a cerebral Streptococcus equi equi abscess by parietal bone flap craniotomy in a 2‐month‐old Warmblood foal

Broux

Bergen

Schauvliege

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Education

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Brain abscesses and intracranial masses have been regularly described in horses. Treatment often is difficult and unrewarding and mortality rate high. This case report describes the successful treatment of a cerebral abscess in a 2‐month‐old female Warmblood foal with severe neurological signs of acute onset. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 3 × 4 × 4 cm cerebral mass in the left brain hemisphere with severe cerebral oedema. Craniotomy, using a parietal bone flap technique, allowed the abscess to be sampled, drained and lavaged. Immediately, post‐surgery the foal showed significant clinical improvement. Sample culture confirmed Streptococcus equi equi infection. The foal was medically treated for 6 weeks, leading to complete clinical and radiographical recovery. Intracranial surgery in equine medicine is limited. Using a parietal bone flap instead of partial craniectomy to gain access to the cerebrum is a less invasive procedure leading to a better aesthetic result and should be considered for the treatment of cerebral masses in the horse.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful surgical debridement of a cerebral Streptococcus equi equi abscess by parietal bone flap craniotomy in a 2‐month‐old Warmblood foal

Broux

Bergen

Schauvliege

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Education

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We chose to compare medetomidine with xylazine as dexmedetomidine for sedation of clinical patients proven to be not as reliable as medetomidine (6,43) and dose rates necessary to achieve good sedation before anesthesia induction were considered too variable to be a safe alternative for daily practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Randomized Comparison of Medetomidine and Xylazine for Isoflurane Balanced Anesthesia in Horses

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: To assess drug plasma levels, preanesthetic sedation, cardiopulmonary effects during anesthesia and recovery in horses anesthetized with isoflurane combined with medetomidine or xylazine.Study design: Prospective blinded randomized clinical study.Animals: Sixty horses undergoing elective surgery.Methods: Thirty minutes after administration of antibiotics, flunixine meglumine or phenylbutazone and acepromazine horses received medetomidine 7 μg kg−1 (group MED) or xylazine 1.1 mg kg−1 (group XYL) slowly intravenously (IV) and sedation was assessed 3 min later. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine/diazepam and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air and medetomidine 3.5 μg kg−1 h−1 or xylazine 0.69 mg kg−1 h−1. Ringer's acetate 10 mL kg−1 h−1 and dobutamine were administered to maintain normotension. All horses were mechanically ventilated to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures at 45 ± 5 mmHg (5.3–6.7 kPa). Heart rate (HR), invasive arterial blood pressures, inspired and expired gas compositions, pH, arterial blood gases, electrolytes, lactate and glucose were measured. For recovery all horses received intramuscular morphine 0.1 mg kg−1 and medetomidine 2 μg kg−1 or xylazine 0.3 mg kg−1 IV. Recovery was timed and scored using three different scoring systems. Plasma samples to measure medetomidine and xylazine concentrations were collected at predetermined timepoints. Repeatedly measured parameters were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance for differences between groups and over time; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) stayed within normal ranges but were higher (p = 0.011) in group XYL despite significant lower dobutamine doses (p = 0.0003). Other measured parameters were within clinically acceptable ranges. Plasma levels were at steady state during anesthesia (MED 2.194 ± 0.073; XYL 708 ± 18.791 ng mL−1). During recovery lateral recumbency (MED 42.7 ± 2.51; XYL 34.3 ± 2.63 min; p = 0.027) and time to standing (MED 62.0 ± 2.86; XYL 48.8 ± 3.01 min; p = 0.002) were significantly shorter in group XYL compared to group MED. Recovery scores did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: In horses anesthetized with isoflurane and medetomidine or xylazine, xylazine maintained higher MAP, reduced the dobutamine consumption and recovery time, whilst overall recovery quality was unaffected.

show abstract

“…Activation of these receptors in the central nervous system results in effective sedation, analgesia, anxiety, and sympathetic effects, with minimal impact on respiratory physiological inhibition of sympathetic nerves [7]. Injecting small doses of the drug into healthy volunteers provides a sedative effect that can be easily reversed by verbal stimulation [8]. Dexmedetomidine is likely to be proven as a better sedative drug for dental sedation than midazolam for its lesser respiratory depression, lesser cognitive impairment, and shorter recovery profile and analgesic property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison in Sedative Effects between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Dental Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Wang

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dexmedetomidine refers to an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist causing potent sedative, analgesic, and minimal respiratory depression compared with alternative drugs. The present study was aimed at comparing the efficaciousness and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine as sedatives for dental implantation. We recruited 60 patients belonging to group I or II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and treated them with either midazolam or dexmedetomidine in a random manner. Patients’ duration of analgesia after surgery, surgeon and patient degrees of satisfaction, Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAAS) scores after drug administration, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and vital signs were recorded variables. Patients administered dexmedetomidine had significantly lower OAAS scores than those administered midazolam (p<0.05). Patients administrated dexmedetomidine had a significantly longer analgesia duration after the surgical procedure than those administered midazolam, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine had a significantly larger number of surgeons satisfied with the level of sedation/analgesia than midazolam (p<0.05). Accordingly, it is considered that dexmedetomidine can achieve better postoperative analgesia, surgeon satisfaction, and sedation than midazolam.

show abstract

Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Successful surgical debridement of a cerebral Streptococcus equi equi abscess by parietal bone flap craniotomy in a 2‐month‐old Warmblood foal

Successful surgical debridement of a cerebral Streptococcus equi equi abscess by parietal bone flap craniotomy in a 2‐month‐old Warmblood foal

Clinical Randomized Comparison of Medetomidine and Xylazine for Isoflurane Balanced Anesthesia in Horses

Comparison in Sedative Effects between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Dental Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About