Is there a recognizable post-incarceration syndrome among released “lifers”?

Liem, Marieke; Kunst, Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.012

Cited by 74 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In one study among 61 marijuana-using young adults, those who had experienced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were more likely to use marijuana to regulate psychiatric symptoms (Bujarski et al, 2012). While our study did not particularly focus on PTSD symptoms, postincarceration syndrome may be as stressful as PTSD among those who have experienced long-term incarceration (Liem & Kunst, 2013). Perhaps PCs and RNs need to work together to address specific factors involved in marijuana use, acceptability, receptivity for abstinence, and understanding of use dangers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders

et al. 2016

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Background Transitioning into society after release from incarceration presents real challenges for male offenders; in California, up to 60% return to prison within three years following release. The risk for ongoing drug use and having sex with multiple sex partners is a significant challenge for ex-offenders preparing to enter the community. Objectives The aims are to describe drug use and sexual behavior (sex with multiple partners) prior to incarceration and six and 12 months following study enrollment using data obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods This is a planned secondary analysis of data obtained as part of an RCT designed to study the effects of intensive peer coaching and nurse case management, intensive peer coaching, and brief nurse counseling on hepatitis A and B vaccination adherence compared to a usual care control treatment that also included brief peer coaching and brief nurse counseling. Self-report data from subjects enrolled at one residential drug treatment facility in Los Angeles were captured at three time points: baseline, and six- and 12-month follow up. Results Findings showed substantive and significant reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners six months following enrollment into the study compared to the baseline data, but results did not differ by study condition. At 12-month follow up, drug use and sex with multiple partners increased, but remained less than at baseline levels. Discussion Sustaining reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners remains a challenge following incarceration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders

et al. 2016

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“…Incarcerated populations also have disproportionately high levels of various mental health issues such as depression and antisocial personality disorders (Fazel and Danesh 2002; Wilper et al 2009) and post-release many inmates have a high rate of psychiatric disorders that may have gone undiagnosed (Mallik-Kane and Visher 2008). Finally, based on in-depth life interviews with individuals who served an average 19 years in a correctional institution, Liem and Kunst (2013) theorize that those who experience long-term incarceration may suffer from post-incarceration syndrome, which they likened to post traumatic stress disorder.…”

Section: The Incarcerated Experience and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Providers may also misinterpret the signs of a challenging re-adjustment as opposition to treatment, lack of motivation to change or reintegrate, proof of individual pathology, or indications of a serious mental illness (Rotter et al 2005). Due to potential exposure to multiple stressors during this transition period, there is increased need for the intentional development of opportunities to decompress and recover from having to constantly portray a tough exterior in the incarceration environment that some scholars like to post-traumatic stress disorder (Liem and Kunst 2013). Relatedly, Jewkes (2002) summarizes the tension between the contrasting behavioral expectations of the prison or jail environment and the community that confront individuals upon release, saying that:…”

Section: Incarceration As a Catalyst For Worsening Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health

Brinkley‐Rubinstein

2013

Health Justice

123

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The primary aim of this paper is to explicate the mechanisms through which incarceration affects health. Guided by theories that emphasize the compounding nature of inequality and with a focus on those that are disproportionately impacted by the drastic increase of incarceration over the last three decades, an exploration of these mechanisms is undertaken. This investigation provides a better understanding of the issues that are faced by incarcerated individuals in the incarceration environment, after release, and via macro-level policy. Finally, a hypothetical heuristic framework is presented that illustrates the ways in which incarceration affects individual, family and community level health. Implications for policy intervention programs and future research that serve to address diminished health among incarcerated populations are discussed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-7899-1-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Police involvement was a dichotomized variable that included any of the following: arrest for possession of drugs or injection equipment, having drugs planted on their person by police, or being forced to give money or exchange sex with a police officer. Because any previous interactions with the criminal justice system may represent traumatic experiences that lead to persistent psychological harm [29, 30], both incarceration and police involvement were treated as time-dependent variables representing any previous history of incarceration/police involvement where we asked about exposure “ever in the past” at baseline and updated to positive exposure category at each follow-up assessment. High stigma was defined as a score greater than 2.5 on the People Living with HIV Stigma Index, Russian edition [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in HIV-Infected Alcohol and Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia

et al. 2016

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In Russia, up to half of premature deaths are attributed to hazardous drinking. The respective roles of alcohol and drug use in premature death among people with HIV in Russia have not been described. Criminalization and stigmatization of substance use in Russia may also contribute to mortality. We explored whether alcohol, drug use and risk environment factors are associated with short-term mortality in HIV-infected Russians who use substances. Secondary analyses were conducted using prospective data collected at baseline, 6 and 12-months from HIV-infected people who use substances recruited between 2007–2010 from addiction and HIV care settings in a single urban setting of St. Petersburg, Russia. We used Cox proportional hazards models to explore associations between 30-day alcohol hazardous drinking, injection drug use, polysubstance use and environmental risk exposures (i.e. past incarceration, police involvement, selling sex, and HIV stigma) with mortality. Among 700 participants, 59% were male and the mean age was 30 years. There were 40 deaths after a median follow-up of 12 months (crude mortality rate 5.9 per 100 person-years). In adjusted analyses, 30-day NIAAA hazardous drinking was significantly associated with mortality compared to no drinking [adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 2.60, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.24–5.44] but moderate drinking was not (aHR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.35–2.59). No other factors were significantly associated with mortality. The high rates of short-term mortality and the strong association with hazardous drinking suggest a need to integrate evidence-based alcohol interventions into treatment strategies for HIV-infected Russians.

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Is there a recognizable post-incarceration syndrome among released “lifers”?

Cited by 74 publications

References 17 publications

Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders

Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders

Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health

Mortality in HIV-Infected Alcohol and Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia

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