Is there a relationship between leptin and insulin sensitivity independent of obesity?A population-based study in the Indian Ocean nation of Mauritius

Zimmet, Paul; Collins, Veronica; Courten, Maximilian P. de; Hodge, Allison; Collier, Greg R.; Dowse, Gary K.; Alberti, K. G. M. M.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Hemraj, F.; Gareeboo, H.; Chitson, Pierrot; Fareed, D.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800559

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Leptin, a strong correlate of insulin level and obesity, 3 was highly correlated with only one of three identi®ed factors in this analysis. This factor was characterized mainly by high loadings for overall adiposity (BMI), greater central body fat distribution (WHR), hyperinsulinaemia, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2 It is generally believed that hyperinsulinaemia andaor insulin resistance underlie this clustering. 1 Leptin, the product of the ob gene, has been observed to be closely correlated with insulin levels, independently of obesity, in a range of populations; 3 and in a study of Polynesian Samoans was also independently associated with key variables of the Metabolic Syndrome. 4 These observations prompted the suggestion that leptin may underlie the Metabolic Syndrome, or at least be an additional component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius—a factor analysis

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To use factor analysis to examine the putative role of leptin in the Metabolic Syndrome, and to de®ne better the associations among observed variables and the identi®ed factors. DESIGN: Factor analysis of cross-sectional data from a 1987 survey. SUBJECTS: Non-diabetic residents of Mauritius who participated in population-based surveys in 1987 and 1992 (1414 men and 1654 women). MEASUREMENTS: Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin following a 75 g oral glucose load; seated blood pressure; body mass index (BMI); waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and fasting serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, leptin and uric acid concentrations. RESULTS: Principal components factor analysis revealed three factors for men and women that explained between 54 and 55% of the observed variance of the 12 measured variables. General features of these factors were as follows: factor 1, WHR, BMI, leptin, fasting and 2 h insulin, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol; factor 2, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, uric acid (men only), and fasting glucose (women only); and factor 3, fasting and 2 h glucose and insulin. Only three variables loaded on more than one factor with a loading !0.4 (fasting and 2 h insulin, fasting glucose in women only). Leptin loaded on one factor only in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Since multiple factors underlie the Metabolic Syndrome, and since no observed variable loads on all three factors, more than one mechanism might account for the observed clustering of risk characteristics. Leptin does not unite features of this syndrome due to its loading on one factor only. Uric acid is related to a different factor in men and women. The absence of gender differences in factor loadings argues for similar mechanisms for the Metabolic Syndrome in men and women in Mauritius.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius—a factor analysis

et al. 2001

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“…It was also found that leptin was not correlated with insulin sensitivity (by intravenous glucose tolerance test) after adjusting for body fat mass by DEXA in African ± American women. 36 On the other hand, a study with 2537 subjects from different races (Asian Indians, Creoles and Chinese) by Zimmet et al 15 showed that insulin resistance was related to leptin concentration regardless of gender or degree of obesity. Nyholm et al 37 also reported that leptin was independently related to insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) after adjusting for body fat percentage in Danish men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two reports from Mauritius and Western Samoa suggested that leptin is associated with insulin sensitivity as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) both in men and women. 14,15 However, no relationship has been shown between metabolic syndrome X and leptin in postmenopausal women. 16 By employing a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, Kennedy et al 12 recently found that hyperleptinaemia is associatd with insulin resistance in men but not in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in relation to leptin concentration and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic Chinese subjects

1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma leptin concentrations and insulin resistance in Chinese men and women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. SUBJECTS: Ninety-six nondiabetic Chinese (51 men and 45 women) with body mass index (BMI) between 18.4 ± 35.8 kgam 2 were studied. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured every 30 min for 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose load. The degree of insulin resistance was assessed using a modi®ed insulin suppression test. Plasma leptin values were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose, glucose areas, fasting insulin, insulin areas, most of the lipoprotein concentrations and steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations were relatively similar between men and women. Despite the fact that men had higher BMI values (26.1 AE 0.5 vs 24.7 AE 0.5 kgam 2 , P`0.05), fasting plasma leptin concentrations were signi®cantly lower in men than in women (4.9 AE 0.5 vs 9.0 AE 0.8 ngaml, P`0.001). Fasting leptin values were positively related to SSPG concentrations by simple correlation analysis in both sexes. However, this relationship persisted in men (r 0.513, P`0.01) but not in women (r 0.119, P NS) after adjustment for BMI. Multiple regression analysis showed that SSPG concentrations, BMI, glucose and insulin responses together accounted for 62.5% and 52.2% of the variation in plasma leptin concentrations in Chinese men and women respectively. CONCLUSION: Fasting plasma leptin concentrations were lower in Chinese men than in Chinese women despite the higher BMI observed in men. After adjustment for BMI, plasma leptin values correlated with the degree of insulin resistance in men but not in women.

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“…At each level of BMI, and in both men and women, there was a highly signi®cant increase in mean leptin concentrations with increasing levels of fasting insulin. 12 …”

Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones and body composition in humans: clinical studies

Armellini¹,

Zamboni

Bosello

2000

Int J Obes

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Leptin in relation to body fat and hormonal regulation of body fat distribution will be treated. Leptin circulating levels are strongly related to the percentage of body fat and in women leptin values are always twofold those observed in men. A role of androgens has been suggested to explain this gender difference. Insulin resistance may contribute to the wide variation in leptin levels. Leptin levels and insulin resistance are increased at the end of pregnancy and normalize after delivery. Furthermore, insulin resistance is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels independent of body fat mass and leptin levels are signi®cantly related to insulin sensitivity independent of BMI. Energy restriction can strongly in¯uence leptin levels, overcoming the effects of body composition changes. The shift from a state of triglycerides storage to a state of release could down-regulate leptin production. Triglyceride¯ux at the intra-abdominal level depends on the balance between insulin and corticosteroids, which have liposynthetic activity, and between sexual and growth hormones, which have lipolytic activity. Both hormonal and body composition change with ageing, primarily due to a decrease in lipolytic activity, with consequent prevalance of liposynthesis and visceral fat accumulation. Enlargement of intra-abdominal adipose cells is more gradual in men and more abrupt in women after menopause.

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Is there a relationship between leptin and insulin sensitivity independent of obesity?A population-based study in the Indian Ocean nation of Mauritius

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius—a factor analysis

Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius—a factor analysis

Gender differences in relation to leptin concentration and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic Chinese subjects

Hormones and body composition in humans: clinical studies

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