Is there a relationship between planning culture and the value of planning gain? Evidence from England

Dunning, Richard; Lord, Alex; Keskin, Berna; Buck, Malachy

doi:10.3828/tpr.2019.29

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Conversely, LPAs in weaker markets may see CIL more readily crowd out S106-secured affordable housing as their capacity to negotiate is weak to begin with and weakened further by the presence of CIL. The findings reported in this paper, together with those of cognate research (Dunning et al, 2019), point to the need for further work on the behavioural aspects of the relationship between LVC processes and built environment outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England

2021

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Governments the world over routinely undertake Land Value Capture (LVC) to recover some (or all) of the uplift in land values arising from the right to develop in order to fund infrastructure and public goods. Instruments to exact LVC are diverse but are usually implemented independently. However, since 2011 England has been experimenting with a dual approach to LVC, applying both a tariff-style levy to fund local infrastructure (the Community Infrastructure Levy) and negotiated obligations, used primarily to fund affordable housing (Section 106 agreements). In this article we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) method to identify the interaction of these two instruments available to local planning authorities. We explore the question of whether the Community Infrastructure Levy ‘crowds out’ affordable housing secured through Section 106 planning agreements. In so doing we show that the interaction of these two approaches is heterogeneous across local authorities of different types. This raises questions for understanding the economic geography of development activity and the theory and practice of Land Value Capture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England

2021

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“…Some of these themes are progressed in this special issue. For example, virtually all of the papers in this issue (McAllister (2019), Adams (2019), Catney and and Crook and Henneberry (2019)) refer to flaws and biases within the development appraisal model (for example, valuation variation, bias and instability) and the cultural and behavioural environment within which the negotiation of POs take place (Dunning, et al, 2019). This paper accepts the conclusion of McAllister (2019) that:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Development viability assessment and the provision of affordable housing: a game of ‘pass the parcel’?

Crosby

2019

Town Planning Review

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This paper constructs a hypothetical case study based around the Benchmark Land Value assessments within the landmark Parkhurst Road, London case decided in the High Court in April 2018. It attempts to illustrate how developers were gaming the system and how the 2014 Planning Practice Guidance aided them to do that. The discussion centres on the extent to which new 2018 National Planning Guidance has addressed the identified flaws and what additional changes might be needed to that guidance to solve any outstanding problems.

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“…In such a context, decision-making is optimised to secure development, and accompanying DCs, as efficiently as possible. This compromises the scope of public goods secured through DC negotiations since LPA officers behaviour is affected by bounded rationality, meaning they rely upon their experiential knowledge and routinised behaviours in negotiations (Claydon, 1998;Dunning et al, 2019).…”

Section: Behavioural Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other work highlights the potential to moderate the influence of the economic context. For example, Dunning et al (2019) illustrated that a suite of socio-economic indicators over five separate periods in the 2000s-2010s failed to provide a satisfactory explanation for differences in the value of DCs, leading to a suggestion that variations in behaviour and planning culture impact an LPAs the ability to secure obligations.…”

Section: The Determinants Of the Public Goods Secured Through Negotiated Developer Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering the role of negotiated developer contributions in financing ecological mitigation and protection programs in England: A cultural perspective

Buck

2021

Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit

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This paper explores the potential of ‘Land Value Capture’ in addressing the shortfall in funding to address the biodiversity crisis through a series of interviews with Local Planning Authority officers in England. It finds heterogeneity in their responses to financial austerity and imperatives to deliver development, which heavily influences developer contribution (DC) practice. The response to these pressures differed depending upon localised planning culture and its interrelation with behavioural biases, which defined the scope of officer agency to influence developer contribution outcomes. Most LPAs placed a strong emphasis upon securing real estate investment to drive economic growth and to provide opportunities to secure DC to address socio-economic issues, with the status quo bias contributing towards inertia in policy and practice change. Elsewhere, there was a greater emphasis placed upon reconciling the need to deliver development with the preservation of environmental amenity, enabling officers to carefully frame practice changes, to successfully secure funding for ecological mitigation programs. The paper illustrates the cultural and behavioural challenges in implementing DC policy change to support funding these priorities, whilst this may be overcome by legislative changes, integrating these may be compromised by resource limitations whilst also affecting the existing delivery of public goods.

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Is there a relationship between planning culture and the value of planning gain? Evidence from England

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England

Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England

Development viability assessment and the provision of affordable housing: a game of ‘pass the parcel’?

Considering the role of negotiated developer contributions in financing ecological mitigation and protection programs in England: A cultural perspective

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