Is there a role for herpes simplex virus type 1 in multiple sclerosis?

Duarte, Luisa F.; Gatica, Sebastián; Castillo, Almendra; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Bueno, Susan M.; Riedel, Claudia A.; González, Pablo A.

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105084

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Early herpes simplex virus (HSV) often contributes to the development of MS, and HSV‐1 infection is believed to be associated with the onset and deterioration of MS 71 . CNS‐extrinsic (Peripheral) and CNS‐intrinsic (Direct) effects were proposed as two potential explanations for the role of HSV‐1 in MS disease peripheral or CNS‐localised inflammatory and viral reactions 72 . The mechanism responsible for the amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis disease following asymptomatic HSV‐1 infection may not be due to persistent viral activity but rather to the long‐lasting effects that the virus has exerted on the cells exposed to the virus soon after imprinting the virus inoculation cells 73 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70 believed to be associated with the onset and deterioration of MS. 71 CNS-extrinsic (Peripheral) and CNS-intrinsic (Direct) effects were proposed as two potential explanations for the role of HSV-1 in MS disease peripheral or CNS-localised inflammatory and viral reactions. 72 The mechanism responsible for the amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis disease following asymptomatic HSV-1 infection may not be due to persistent viral activity but rather to the long-lasting effects that the virus has exerted on the cells exposed to the virus soon after imprinting the virus inoculation cells. 73 In light of this, CNS exposure to HSV-1 alone may trigger an inflammatory reaction that makes the host more susceptible to developing an autoimmune disorder of greater severity.…”

Section: Herpes Simplex Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

Bakhshi,

Eslami,

Norouzi

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune‐mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Also, it can be said that infections are a key component of the host's response to MS development. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between different pathogens and MS disease in this umbrella research. We systematically collected and analysed multiple meta‐analyses focused on one particular topic. We utilised the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases starting with inception until 30 May 2023. The methodological quality of the analysed meta‐analysis has been determined based on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and Grade, and graph construction and statistical analysis were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. The Confidence Interval of effect size was 95% in meta‐analyses, and p < 0.05 indicated a statistically meaningful relationship. The included studies evaluated the association between MS and 12 viruses containing SARS‐CoV‐2, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus, varicella–zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), HHV‐7, HHV‐8, HSV‐1, HSV‐2, Cytomegalovirus, Human Papillomavirus, and influenza. SARS‐CoV‐2, with a 3.74 odds ratio, has a significantly more potent negative effect on MS among viral infections. After that, EBV, HHV‐6, HSV‐2, and VZV, respectively, with 3.33, 2.81, 1.76, and 1.72 odds ratios, had a significantly negative relationship with MS (p < 0.05). Although the theoretical evidence mostly indicates that EBV has the greatest effect on MS, recent epidemiological studies have challenged this conclusion and put forward possibilities that SARS‐CoV‐2 is the culprit. Hence, it was necessary to investigate the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and EBV on MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herpes Simplex Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

Bakhshi,

Eslami,

Norouzi

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Of particular interest are the findings linking EBV with Multiple Sclerosis(MS) [18,19 ▪ ,62,68], where higher incidences of MS have been linked to those patients who have suffered overt IM [22,66 ▪▪ ,69] often later in life, particularly in adolescence [48 ▪ ,49 ▪▪ ,50,66 ▪▪ ]. Several pathways have been proposed to explain a possible causal link between EBV infection, particularly when it presents as IM, and MS, although irrefutable scientific proof to fully explain and support the association conclusively has yet to be produced [19 ▪ ,70].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious mononucleosis: new concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response

Naughton,

Enright,

Lucey

2024

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of the review Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review the latest concepts in the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response of this disease. Recent findings Several recently published papers/reviews describe IM as a condition caused by one of several etiologic agents including, cytomegalovirus (HHV-5), Roseola virus (HHV-6) and Toxoplasmosis amongst others; this review focuses on IM as solely caused by the human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4). Since the initial discovery of the virus in the 1960s and its subsequent discovery as the primary etiologic agent for IM it has been associated with several human cancers and autoimmune disorders. Recent published findings show a correlation between HHV-4 and the autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting earlier IM could possibly act as a causative factor. Considering the important links being made with IM to so many cancers and autoimmune disorders it is surprising that a standard investigative procedure has yet to be determined for this disease. A standard approach to the investigation of IM would ensure more cases are diagnosed, particularly atypical cases, this would benefit epidemiological studies, and more immediately help practitioners distinguish viral from bacterial throat infections, enabling them to treat accordingly. Summary The understanding of the latest concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology and host response to IM would benefit greatly from the introduction of a standard procedure for its investigation and diagnosis.

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“…Given the persistent nature and high prevalence of some of these DNA viruses, namely herpesviruses, it will likely result extremely hard to pinpoint their particular effects over individuals, as molecular reactivations can occur at single-cell level without visible symptoms ( Grinde, 2013 ; Duarte et al., 2021 ). In such scenario, the contribution of only some viruses to senescence-related diseases may be identified given our currently available tools to detect infection-related processes ( Duarte et al., 2023 ).…”

Section: Interplay Between Systemic Infections and Immunosenescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence

Reyes,

Ortiz,

Duarte

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Cellular senescence is a key biological process characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells creates a pro-inflammatory environment that can negatively affect tissue functions and may promote the development of aging-related diseases. Typical biomarkers related to senescence include senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, histone H2A.X phosphorylation at serine139 (γH2A.X), and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) with heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP-1γ protein) Moreover, immune cells undergoing senescence, which is known as immunosenescence, can affect innate and adaptative immune functions and may elicit detrimental effects over the host’s susceptibility to infectious diseases. Although associations between senescence and pathogens have been reported, clear links between both, and the related molecular mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether infections effectively induce senescence, the impact of senescence and immunosenescence over infections, or if both events coincidently share common molecular markers, such as γH2A.X and p53. Here, we review and discuss the most recent reports that describe cellular hallmarks and biomarkers related to senescence in immune and non-immune cells in the context of infections, seeking to better understand their relationships. Related literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with search terms related to the sections and subsections of this review.

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Is there a role for herpes simplex virus type 1 in multiple sclerosis?

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

Infectious mononucleosis: new concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response

Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence

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