Is there a role of the local tissue RAS in the regulation of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions in the reproductive tract?

Schwentner, Lukas; Wöckel, Achim; Herr, D.; Wulff, Christine

doi:10.1177/1470320311418140

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…hCG causes a strong activation of the RAS, evidenced by high renin activity in the follicular fluid of women with OHSS [ 11 , 14 ]. Overstimulation of this cascade, together with increasing VEGF levels, is postulated to synergistically potentiate OHSS ( Figure 1 ) [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Review

Smith

Osianlis

Vollenhoven

2015

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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The following review aims to examine the available evidence to guide best practice in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). As it stands, there is no single method to completely prevent OHSS. There seems to be a benefit, however, in categorizing women based on their risk of OHSS and individualizing treatments to curtail their chances of developing the syndrome. At present, both Anti-Müllerian Hormone and the antral follicle count seem to be promising in this regard. Both available and upcoming therapies are also reviewed to give a broad perspective to clinicians with regard to management options. At present, we recommend the use of a “step-up” regimen for ovulation induction, adjunct metformin utilization, utilizing a GnRH agonist as an ovulation trigger, and cabergoline usage. A summary of recommendations is also made available for ease of clinical application. In addition, areas for potential research are also identified where relevant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Review

Smith

Osianlis

Vollenhoven

2015

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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“…Renin cleaves angiotensinogen (AGT) to form angiotensin, AngI [ 10 ]. AngI is then converted to AngII by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) [ 11 , 12 ]. AngII binds two endogenous receptors: angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors (AT1 and AT2) encoded by genes Agtr1 and Agtr2 respectively [ 2 , 4 , 13 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both systemic and uteroplacental RAS undergo dramatic changes during pregnancy. RAS components in human placenta are expressed from 6 weeks of gestation [ 12 ]. Recent studies on the human placenta compared the localisation and expression of RAS in early gestation vs late gestation [ 9 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rat placental renin-angiotensin system - a gestational gene expression study

Vaswani

Chan

Verma

et al. 2015

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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BackgroundThe placenta is an essential organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes toxic waste products from the fetal circulation. Maintaining placental blood osmotic pressure and blood flow is crucial for viable offspring. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the placenta is a key player in the regulation of maternal-fetal blood flow during pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if RAS genes are differentially expressed in mid to late gestation in rat placenta.MethodsWhole placental tissue samples from pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at embryonic (E) days 14.25, 15.25, 17.25 and 20 (n = 6 for each gestational age) were used for genome-wide gene expression by microarray. RAS genes with expression differences of >2 fold were further analyzed. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) was performed on independent samples to confirm and validate microarray data. Immunohistochemisty and Western blotting were performed on a differentially expressed novel RAS pathway gene (ANPEP).ResultsSix out of 17 genes of the RAS pathway were differentially expressed at different gestational ages. Gene expression of four genes (Angiotensin converting enzyme (Ace), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (Ace2), membrane metalloendopeptidase (Mme) and angiotensin II receptor 1A (Agtr1a)) were significantly upregulated at E20 whereas two others (Thimet oligopeptidase 1 (Thop1) and Alanyl aminopeptidase (Anpep)) were downregulated at E20 prior to the onset of labour. These changes were confirmed by qPCR. Western blots revealed no overall differences in ANPEP protein expression in the placentae. Immunohistochemical studies, however, indicated that the localization of ANPEP differed at E17.25 and E20 as ANPEP localization in the giant trophoblast cell of the junctional zone was no longer detectable at E20.ConclusionsThe current study investigated the expression of members of the RAS pathway in rat placentae and observed significantly altered expression of 6 RAS genes at 4 gestational ages. These findings present the need for further comprehensive investigation of RAS genes in normal and complicated pregnancies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0088-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a key factor involved in the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, is expressed in multiple tissues including ovaries. Apart from regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, ACE and its products play an essential role in the regulation of ovarian function all the way through follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation and follicular atresia [12]. Yashimura in the year 1997 suggested the involvement of RAS in the development of PCOS [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do ACE I/D gene polymorphism serve as a predictive marker for age at onset in PCOS?

Deepika

Reddy

Rani³

et al. 2012

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder exhibiting variable age at onset of clinical features allied with complex diseases in the later life. ACE is a pleiotropic molecule associated with various pathophysiological functions. The present study was aimed to establish the frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphism in patients and controls and to assess the influence of this polymorphism on anthropometric and various clinical features of the condition. Methods ACE I/D genotyping was carried out in 259 PCOS patients and 315 healthy ultrasound scanned women of South Indian origin.Results The distribution of DD, ID and II genotypes in patients was 39, 37 and 24 %, whereas in the controls it was 31, 51 and 18 % respectively. Significant difference was observed in the genotypic frequency distributions between the patients and controls, however the allelic frequencies did not vary between the groups (p>0.05). Quartile analysis revealed preponderance of DD genotype in the first two quartiles and a linear increase of II genotype from first to the last quartiles. Further, Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with acanthosis and age at onset (AAO) of the syndrome (p<0.05). Conclusion The present study is the first report to highlight the predisposing role of DD and protective role of ID genotype towards PCOS. Patients with single or double dose of D allele may develop PCOS symptoms at an early age and also significantly associated with acanthosis, a marker of insulin resistance.

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Is there a role of the local tissue RAS in the regulation of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions in the reproductive tract?

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Review

Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Review

The rat placental renin-angiotensin system - a gestational gene expression study

Do ACE I/D gene polymorphism serve as a predictive marker for age at onset in PCOS?

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