Is There a Shared Etiology of Olfactory Impairments in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease?

Parvand, Mahraz; Rankin, Catharine H.

doi:10.3233/jad-190636

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…PD does affect supra-threshold estimates of perceived odor intensity, which appears spared in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and the elderly (92), but does not affect the trigeminal system (93). Combined with imaging, it can help distinguish disorders whose initial presentation overlaps with PD, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, cortico-basal degeneration, or multiple system atrophy [ (94)(95)(96); reviews: (20, 97)].…”

Section: Distinguishing Features Of Od In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Chase

Μarkopoulou

2020

Front. Neurol.

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This minireview discusses our current understanding of the olfactory dysfunction that is frequently observed in sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes. We review the salient characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in these conditions, discussing its prevalence and characteristics, how neuronal processes and circuits are altered in Parkinson's disease, and what is assessed by clinically used measures of olfactory function. We highlight how studies of monogenic Parkinson's disease and investigations in ethnically diverse populations have contributed to understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss how imaging and system-level approaches have been used to understand the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction. We discuss the challenging, remaining gaps in understanding the basis of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegeneration. We propose that insights could be obtained by following longitudinal cohorts with familial forms of Parkinson's disease using a combination of approaches: a multifaceted longitudinal assessment of olfactory function during disease progression is essential to identify not only how dysfunction arises, but also to address its relationship to motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease symptoms. An assessment of cohorts having monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease, available within the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEoPD), as well as other international consortia, will have heuristic value in addressing the complexity of olfactory dysfunction in the context of the neurodegenerative process. This will inform our understanding of Parkinson's disease as a multisystem disorder and facilitate the more effective use of olfactory dysfunction assessment in identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease and understanding disease progression.

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Section: Distinguishing Features Of Od In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Chase

Μarkopoulou

2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…28,29 Furthermore, PD, DLB, and AD shared some of the prodromal features examined. 28,30,31 For instance, hyposmia can be an early marker of AD, 30,31 raising the possibility that some of the women with hyposmia in our cohort develop AD instead of PD. Yet, it is less likely that women with hyposmia with additional features develop AD, especially those with pRBD, which is more specific to α-synucleinopathies such as PD and DLB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This is particularly important when studying early cognitive changes that are also common in the prodromal phase of AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) 28,29 . Furthermore, PD, DLB, and AD shared some of the prodromal features examined 28,30,31 . For instance, hyposmia can be an early marker of AD, 30,31 raising the possibility that some of the women with hyposmia in our cohort develop AD instead of PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Subjective Cognitive Decline in Women with Features Suggestive of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2023

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BackgroundCognitive deficits can be present in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may contribute to identifying individuals with prodromal PD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine whether SCD is more likely to be present in women with features suggestive of prodromal PD compared with women without these features.MethodsThe study population comprised 12,427 women from the Nurses' Health Study selected to investigate prodromal PD. Prodromal and risk markers of PD were assessed via self‐administered questionnaires. We evaluated the association of hyposmia, constipation, and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, three major features of prodromal PD, with SCD, adjusting for age, education, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, and depression. We also explored whether SCD was associated with the probability of prodromal PD and conducted additional analyses using data from neurocognitive tests.ResultsWomen experiencing the three examined nonmotor features had the worst mean SCD score and the highest odds of poor subjective cognition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–2.47). This association persisted when women with objective cognitive deficits were excluded from analyses. SCD was also more common in women with a probability of prodromal PD ≥0.80, particularly among those aged younger than 75 years (OR of poor subjective cognition = 6.57 [95% CI, 2.43–17.77]). These observations were consistent with the results from analyses using neurocognitive tests, where a worse global cognitive performance was observed among women with three features.ConclusionsOur study suggests that self‐perceived cognitive decline can be present during the prodromal phase of PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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“…Olfactory performance reaches its peak at the age of 40 years (Buschhüter et al, 2008) and then progressively declines with aging (Eibenstein et al, 2005;Doty and Kamath, 2014;Palmquist et al, 2020;Parvand and Rankin, 2020;Van Regemorter et al, 2020). In addition, in different neurological pathologies, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, dysosmia is exacerbated compared to the physiological decrease and occurs prior to motor and cognitive disabilities (Doty, 2012;Masala et al, 2018;Bathini et al, 2019;Cecchini et al, 2019;Dintica et al, 2019;Murphy, 2019).…”

Section: Olfactory Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smell, an Underrated Early Biomarker for Brain Aging

Brai

Hummel²,

Albèri

2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Olfaction is in addition to touch the most ancient of our senses, developing already in the womb it decays progressively from 65 years of age with a more pronounced impairment associated with dementia. Despite its clinical relevance and testing accessibility, smell remains an overlooked biomarker, which is rarely used by neurologists in the early screening phase. In this perspective article, we outline the reasons underlying the lack of awareness for this sense. In an attempt to put olfaction forward as an early biomarker for pathological brain aging, we draw a comparison with vision and hearing, regarded as more relevant for general health. This perspective article wants to encourage further studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms responsible for the early smell dysfunction in individuals a decade or more before the onset of cognitive symptoms.

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Is There a Shared Etiology of Olfactory Impairments in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease?

Cited by 13 publications

References 182 publications

Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Subjective Cognitive Decline in Women with Features Suggestive of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease

Smell, an Underrated Early Biomarker for Brain Aging

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