Despite the popularity of agricultural land markets as a research topic, a current literature review on price drivers on agricultural land rental markets is missing, which is crucial in order to gain an overview of the status quo. Furthermore, farmers’ perceptions of price drivers on agricultural land rental markets have not been considered sufficiently. Therefore, this study combines descriptive results from a survey with 156 German farmers conducted during 2019–2020 using purposive sampling and a systematic literature review. The systematic literature review reveals four important areas acting as price drivers in agricultural land rental markets: policy/Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), bioenergy, climate change, and market prices/competition. Based on the overview, several points of departure for further research are provided. Furthermore, results from the survey show that farmers’ perceptions of the relative importance of the price drivers differ from the results of scientific literature. Therefore, perceptions of farmers should be considered for possible policy interventions derived from scientific evidence.