Is there a vestibular cortex?

Wo, Guldin; Oj, Grüsser

doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01211-3

Cited by 448 publications

(370 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is reflected by signal increases in areas that represent the visual (van Essen, 1979;Garey, 1990), somatosensory (Fox et al, 1987), vestibular (Guldin and Grüsser, 1998;Brandt and Dieterich, 1999), and auditory systems (Webster and Garey, 1990). Earlier visual imagery studies also reported that frontopolar areas exhibit bilateral activation, which can be attributed to imagination (Mellet et al, 1998;Lamm et al, 2001).…”

Section: An "Interoceptive Mental State" (Eyes Closed ͼ Eyes Open)?mentioning

confidence: 91%

Eye closure in darkness animates sensory systems

et al. 2003

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Single subject and group analyses (n ϭ 12) showed that the eyes-open and eyes-closed states in complete darkness considerably and consistently differ in the patterns of associated brain activation in fMRI. During nonchanging external stimulation, ocular motor and attentional systems were activated when the eyes were open; the visual, somatosensory, vestibular, and auditory systems were activated when the eyes were closed. These data suggest that there are two different states of mental activity: with the eyes closed, an "interoceptive" state characterized by imagination and multisensory activity and with the eyes open, an "exteroceptive" state characterized by attention and ocular motor activity. Our study also shows that the chosen baseline condition may have a considerable impact on activation patterns and on the interpretation of brain activation studies.

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Section: An "Interoceptive Mental State" (Eyes Closed ͼ Eyes Open)?mentioning

confidence: 91%

Eye closure in darkness animates sensory systems

et al. 2003

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“…Several areas that receive vestibular cues have been described in non-human primate cortex and human cortex (for reviews see [9,25,54,67,87,97]). Electrophysiological recordings in macaque, squirrel and marmoset monkeys showed that many neurons are driven by vestibular inputs in a region that Grüsser and colleagues called ''parieto-insular vestibular cortex'' (PIVC) [61,[63][64][65]67].…”

Section: The Vestibular Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophysiological recordings in macaque, squirrel and marmoset monkeys showed that many neurons are driven by vestibular inputs in a region that Grüsser and colleagues called ''parieto-insular vestibular cortex'' (PIVC) [61,[63][64][65]67]. Anatomically, this region is located in the depth of the Sylvian fissure at the level of the posterior insula extending posteriorly to the retroinsular cortex as well as anteriorly to the parietal operculum.…”

Section: The Vestibular Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatomically, this region is located in the depth of the Sylvian fissure at the level of the posterior insula extending posteriorly to the retroinsular cortex as well as anteriorly to the parietal operculum. The PIVC is considered to be the core region of the vestibular cortex because it is strongly connected or interconnected with most of the other vestibular cortical areas [67]. There is evidence that the TPJ/insula represents the human homologue of the monkey PIVC although its exact location in the human brain is still debated.…”

Section: The Vestibular Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophysiological [67] and neuroimaging [6,19,40] studies showed that the vestibular cortex is a multisensory cortex receiving not only vestibular information, but also visual cues (especially optokinetic cues: PIVC, area 2v, ventral intraparietal area), proprioceptive cues from the neck and lower limb muscles, as well as tactile cues from the plantar surface of the feet (areas 2v, 3av, PIVC). We believe that these multisensory interactions are fundamental for integrating signals about body movement and body position in space (on the basis of vestibular, proprioceptive and visual cues), head and body position with respect to other body segments (on the basis of proprioceptive and visual cues) and body contact with respect to the ground (through tactile cues).…”

Section: Linking Abnormal Body Ownership and Embodiment At The Multismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body ownership and embodiment: Vestibular and multisensory mechanisms

Lopez

Halje

Blanke

2008

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

236

163

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Summary Body ownership and embodiment are two fundamental mechanisms of selfconsciousness. The present article reviews neurological data about paroxysmal illusions during which body ownership and embodiment are affected differentially: autoscopic phenomena (out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, autoscopic hallucination, feeling-of-a-presence) and the room tilt illusion. We suggest that autoscopic phenomena and room tilt illusion are related to different types of failures to integrate body-related information (vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile cues) in addition to a mismatch between vestibular and visual references. In these patients, altered body ownership and embodiment has been shown to occur due to pathological activity at the temporoparietal junction and other vestibular-related areas arguing for a key importance of vestibular processing. We also review the possibilities of manipulating body ownership and embodiment in healthy subjects through exposition to weightlessness as well as caloric and galvanic stimulation of the peripheral vestibular apparatus. In healthy subjects, disturbed self-processing might be related to interference of vestibular stimulation with vestibular cortex leading to disintegration of bodily information and altered body ownership and embodiment. We finally propose a differential contribution of the vestibular cortical areas to the different forms of altered body ownership and embodiment. Résumé L'attribution du corps propre et de ses éléments constitutifs (body ownership), ainsi que le sentiment d'incarnation (embodiment) -le fait d'habiter ce corps, d'être localisé dans les limites physiques de ce corps -, sont deux éléments fondamentaux de la conscience de soi. Nous faisons ici la synthèse de données issues de la neurologie montrant que des manifestations paroxystiques telles que les phénomènes autoscopiques (expérience de sortie du corps, héautoscopie, hallucination autoscopique, sensation de présence) et l'illusion de bascule de l'environnement (room tilt illusion) se caractérisent par une atteinte différentielle des mécanismes d'attribution du corps propre et du sentiment d'incarnation. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que les différents phénomènes autoscopiques et l'illusion de bascule de l'environnement se caractérisent par différents patrons de déficits d'intégration des informations sensorielles corporelles (informations visuelles, musculaires proprioceptives et tactiles) combinés à une perte de cohérence entre les références visuelles et vestibulaires. Chez les patients souffrant de phénomènes autoscopiques, les déficits d'attribution du corps propre et du sentiment d'incarnation ont été liés à un dysfonctionnement au niveau de la jonction temporopariétale et d'autres régions corticales recevant des informations vestibulaires, suggérant une contribution importante des afférences vestibulaires dans les mécanismes de la conscience de soi. Nous rapportons également des données de la littérature recueillies chez des sujets sains suggérant la possibilité de manipuler l'attribution ...

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