Is there an association between serum 25(OH)D3 and mental well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes? Results from a cohort study in primary care

Abstract

Purpose There are limited and inconsistent results on the correlation between vitamin D and mental health in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, our aim was to explore the association between vitamin D and mental well-being in a community-based sample of participants with T2D. Methods We analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3) in 698 patients with T2D at the baseline examination. The cohort was reinvestigated after 4 years. Data from SF-36 questionnaires measuring vitality and mental health at baseline and after 4 years were used for analyses. Results Serum 25(OH)D 3 was inversely associated with poor mental health at baseline (odds ratio (OR) for 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D 3 , 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.96, p = 0.003)) but not at follow-up (p > 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D 3 was not associated with vitality at baseline (p > 0.05). At follow-up, there was an inverse association between 25(OH)D 3 and low vitality (OR for 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D 3 , 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97, p = 0.009)) but not after adjustment. Conclusion We found an inverse association between 25(OH)D 3 and mental health in patients with T2D at baseline. We found no association between 25(OH)D 3 and vitality after adjustment. Future studies are needed to determine the association between vitamin D and mental well-being in patients with T2D.

The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

“…All findings were summarised in Table 2 . Two studies reported significant associations with mental health and well-being, and two studies showed that vitamin D deficiency has an association with cognitive impairment [ 42 , 50 ]. Twelve studies discussed microvascular complications, which were diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcers, and nephropathy.…”

“…Mental health Mental health well-being [42,50] Cognitive impairment [33,45] Microvascular complications…”