Is There Association between Altered Adrenergic System Activity and Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by a 7-Day High Salt Intake in Young Healthy Individuals

Abstract

This study aimed to test the effect of a 7-day high-salt (HS) diet on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in young healthy individuals and modulation of ANS on microvascular endothelial function impairment. 47 young healthy individuals took 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (3.5 g salt/day) followed by 7-day high-salt (HS) diet (~14.7 g salt/day). ANS activity was assessed by 24-h urine catecholamine excretion and 5-min heart rate variability (HRV). Skin post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID) were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Separately, mental stress test (MST) at LS and HS condition was conducted, followed by immediate measurement of plasma metanephrines’ level, 5-min HRV and LDF microvascular reactivity. Noradrenaline, metanephrine and normetanephrine level, low-frequency (LF) HRV and PORH and AChID significantly decreased following HS compared to LS. MST at HS condition tended to increase HRV LF/HF ratio. Spectral analysis of PORH signal, and AChID measurement showed that MST did not significantly affect impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to HS loading. In this case, 7-day HS diet suppressed sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and attenuated microvascular reactivity in salt-resistant normotensive individuals. Suppression of SNS during HS loading represents a physiological response, rather than direct pathophysiological mechanism by which HS diet affects microvascular endothelial function in young healthy individuals.

The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Micro- and Macrovascular Response to a 7-Day High-Salt Diet in Healthy Individuals

“…In order for all subjects to take approximately the same amount of salt, the subjects continued to consume about 3.5 g of salt with food, while the rest of the salt was supplemented in the form of a commercially available kitchen-salt powder—11.2 g per day. Such a salt-load design is well established and previously described in the studies of our research group [ 8 , 10 , 22 , 37 , 51 ], as well as being aligned with other clinical studies that study the impact of a short-term HS diet on vascular function in the human population [ 19 ]. All procedures described below were performed in two repeated measurements for each subject, the first measurement following 7 days of the LS diet (LS condition), and the second measurement following 7 days of the HS diet (HS condition).…”

Microvascular rarefaction caused by the NOTCH signaling pathway is a key cause of TKI-apatinib-induced hypertension and cardiac damage

“…There are multiple mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension from HFpEF, and these mechanisms can be divided into several categories. The most common is microcirculatory dysfunction, which mainly includes an increase in inflammatory factors, the occurrence of oxidative stress, impaired endothelial function, and the occurrence of vascular endothelial fibrosis (Gryglewska et al, 2011;Paulus and Tschöpe, 2013;Stupin et al, 2021;Marra et al, 2022).…”

Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments in Children with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Mini-Review

“…Increased sympathetic activity is a main mechanism underlying POTS. The elevation of upright plasma norepinephrine levels may induce impaired vasoconstriction via the baroreceptor reflex [76]. Zhang et al found that increased upright plasma norepinephrine levels were associated with severe symptoms in pediatric and adolescent POTS patients.…”