Is There Diagnostic Value in Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Epstein–Barr Virus Early Antigen?

Crowley, Andrea; Connell, Jeff; Schaffer, Kirsten; Hall, William W.; Hassan, Jaythoon

doi:10.1089/biores.2012.0274

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our study approximately 90% of the subjects tested positive for IgG antibodies to EBNA (Nuclear Antigen) as well as VCA (Viral Capsid Antigen) indicating previous infection which is similar to other published rates of previous EBV exposure [24,27]. This prevalence of EBV in our cohort also correlates with the national statistics of population prevalence of EBV exposure stated by CDC [26] as well as by Chijioke et al [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…"Reactivation" has been defined as an elevation of antibodies to early antigen in the presence of antibodies to EBNA [26]. Early antigen positivity without elevation of IgG to capsid or nuclear antigen is an indication of active infection but in the presence of elevated IgG's to EB NA or EBVCA is an indication of viral reactivation [24,26]. When EBV reactivation is detected in septic ICU patients, those patients have a longer length of stay and their course is complicated by significantly more bacterial and fungal infections [15] which implicates the immunocompromised state of the patient with sepsis but also points to the viral opportunistic behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simultaneous presence of IgG against EBV Early antigen (EBV EA) along with elevated IgG to Epstein Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) and Epstein Barr viral capsid antigen (EB VCA) has been said to be a marker for EBV reactivation [23]. Early antigen is a cluster of nonstructural viral proteins that are released during viral replication [24]. This study was performed to assess prevalence of EBV reactivation in patients with signs and symptoms of chronic laryngeal and tracheal inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epstein Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis

Beaver¹,

Raza²

2017

Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Sur

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Objective: Determine the prevalence of reactivation of Ebstein Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis (CLTR). Methods:A retrospective case series of 507 patients presenting with a chief complaint of hoarseness, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or cough for greater than six weeks was performed. Patients were included if stroboscopic exam showed laryngeal/tracheal inflammation and serology for EBV and CMV was done. SPSS was used to analyze prevalence of elevated IgG to EBV Nuclear Antigen (EBNA), EBV Viral Capsid Antigen (EB VCA), EBV Early Antigen (EBV EA) and CMV IgG in whole study sample, each symptom group and symptom duration category (1-3 months, 4-6 months, and >6 months).Results: 193 (38%) patients were EBV EA seropositive with mean titer of 1.81 while 157 (33%) had elevated CMV IgG (mean = 6.1). 48% of patients with cough had significantly elevated EBV EA IgG while 35% showed elevated CMV Immunoglobulins. Among difficulty swallowing and sore throat groups, 34% and 46% were highly seropositive to EBV EA compared to 30% and 15% with elevated CMV IgG. 50 % of the patients in the 4-6 month duration of illness group had elevated EBV EA IgG compared to 42% and 38% in 1-3 months and > 6 months duration respectively. Conclusion:The prevalence of EBV and CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients with CLTR is significant, may be more common in the patient with symptoms of intermediate duration, and may indicate reactivation of EBV and CMV as a cofactor in CLTR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epstein Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis

Beaver¹,

Raza²

2017

Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Sur

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“…(2) Anti-Early Antigen (EA) antibody IgG: IgG can be detected in the acute stage of infection such as mononucleosis or NPC and it disappears after 3 to 6 months [110]. Detection of Anti-EA IgG represents an active or reactivated EBV infection [111]. Nearly in 20% of people, Anti-EA IgG may be detected for years after resolution of active EBV infection [111, 112].…”

Section: Ebv Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.

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“…However, this method may not be feasible by some patients. Serum indices including SA, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, Rta-IgG, and EA-IgG have thus been used for early-diagnosis and population screening of nasopharyngeal cancer (Crowley et al, 2012;Xing et al, 2013). In the present study, we further describe a combined assay that includes EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, and EBV-DNA in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, and VCA-IgA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their use in a combined diagnostic assay

Wang

Shen

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which can be monitored by the levels of Rta protein antibody IgG (Rta-IgG), early antigen antibody (EA-IgG), and viral capsid antibody (VCA-IgA). In the present study, we investigated the serum levels of Rta-IgG, EA-IgG, and VCA-IgA in nasopharyngeal cancer patients, and the diagnostic value of a combined assay that includes these antibodies in addition to the EBV-DNA. A total of 56 nasopharyngeal cancer patients were recruited as the study population, along with 48 benign rhinitis patients and 42 healthy individuals. Serum EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, and VCA-IgA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and EBV-DNA was quantified with PCR. The diagnostic value of these indices was further evaluated by ROC curve analysis. The expression levels of EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, and EBV-DNA were elevated in the nasopharyngeal cancer patients, who had higher levels of these antibodies than those in the rhinitis patients, followed by the healthy individuals. These indices were also increased with advanced TNM stage. The overall diagnostic efficacy was ranked as follows: VCA-IgA, Rta-IgA, EA-IgA, and EBV-DNA. The combined diagnosis using these four indices increased the sensitivity to 98.21% and the negative predictive value to 98.61%, without any significant compromise on the test specificity. In conclusion, EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, and EBV-DNA expression levels were elevated in nasopharyngeal patients. The combined diagnostic value of these serum indices has important implications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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Is There Diagnostic Value in Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Epstein–Barr Virus Early Antigen?

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Epstein Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis

Epstein Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies EA-IgG, Rta-IgG, and VCA-IgA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their use in a combined diagnostic assay

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