Is There Postdefecation Bacteremia?

Slavin, Sumner A.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1979.01370320069012

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, major pitfalls including low sensitivity (Procop, Hartman & Sedor, 1997), the need for proper collection techniques to avoid contamination, and the delay of at least a few days before results are available, often prompt the clinician to initiate empirical antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, detectable bacteremia also occurs in severe organ-specific infections like pneumonia (Larsen et al, 2008;Rewa-Neto et al, 2008;Rubinstein, 2008), and potentially during harmless manipulation of the mucous layer [e.g., defecation, tooth brushing (Slavin & Goldwyn, 1979;Lockhart et al, 2008;Oslen, 2008)].…”

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections

Mardi¹,

Fwity²,

Lobmann

et al. 2010

Int J Lab Hematology

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Clinicians are in need of better diagnostic markers for rapid diagnosis of severe infections. Therefore, we studied the diagnostic significance of mean cell volume of neutrophils (MNV) and monocytes (MMV) compared with Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count for predicting systemic clinical infection (sepsis). MNV and MMV were obtained by volume conductivity scatter (VCS) technique of the Coulter LH 750 hematology analyzer during automated differential counts, and blood samples from patients with sepsis (n = 37), nonsystemic bacterial infections (n = 39) and controls (n = 48) were studied. We observed a significant increase in MNV and MMV in the sepsis group compared with limited infections and controls. However, at a designated cut-off point of 250 pg/ml, IL-6 seemed to be the best predictor for sepsis with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 76%. Compared with CRP (cut-off point 60 mg/dl), MNV at a cut-off of 150 had a comparable sensitivity and specificity and was the most predictive VCS parameter. Taken together, MNV and MMV seemed to be potential parameters to discriminate between sepsis and nonsystemic infections.

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Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2008; Rewa‐Neto et al. , 2008; Rubinstein, 2008), and potentially during harmless manipulation of the mucous layer [e.g., defecation, tooth brushing (Slavin & Goldwyn, 1979; Lockhart et al. , 2008; Oslen, 2008)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections

Mardi¹,

Fwity²,

Lobmann

et al. 2010

Int J Lab Hematology

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“…Often, however, the medical evaluation of possible pathogenic organisms does not identify recent illness, medical history, or any cause for concern about the donor's underlying health but instead may represent more innocuous circumstances or benign conditions. For example, transient bacteremia may occur after dental manipulation such as tooth extraction, the use of oral irrigation devices, and even normal teeth brushing or bowel movements 17,32,33 …”

Section: Donor Health and Significance Of Culture Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, transient bacteremia may occur after dental manipulation such as tooth extraction, the use of oral irrigation devices, and even normal teeth brushing or bowel movements. 17,32,33 Typically, the organisms isolated after dental procedures are viridans streptococci that colonize normal oral mucosa (e.g., S. mitis, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. sanguinis). 34 In addition, S. mutans is a common etiologic agent of dental caries.…”

Section: Morganella Morganiimentioning

confidence: 99%

How do I investigate septic transfusion reactions and blood donors with culture‐positive platelet donations?

Eder¹,

Goldman

2011

Transfusion

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“…Indeed, bacterial vaginosis has been associated with the presence of bacteria in utero and preterm delivery (Gravett, Hummel, Eschenbach, & Holmes, ; Hillier et al, ). Bacteria originating from the oral cavity and gut may disseminate and colonize the fetus as bacteremia occurs following oral procedures, teeth brushing, minor manipulations of the lower gastrointestinal tract, and potentially even bowel movements (Hoffman, Kobasa, & Kaye, ; Lockhart et al, ; Maharaj, Coovadia, & Vayej, ; Slavin & Goldwyn, ; Tandberg & Reed, ). While these sporadic events might be sufficient to expose the fetus to microbes, this alone is insufficient to explain why pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of bacteremia (Perez et al, ).…”

Section: How and When The Gut Microbiota Is Acquiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherited nongenetic influences on the gut microbiome and immune system

Knoop

Holtz

Newberry

2018

Birth Defects Research

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The gut microbiome and the immune system codevelop around the time of birth, well after genetic information has been passed from the parents to the offspring. Each of these “organ systems” displays plasticity. The immune system can mount highly specific adaptive responses to newly encountered antigens, and the gut microbiota is affected by changes in the environment. Despite this plasticity, there is a growing appreciation that these organ systems, once established, are remarkably stable. In health, the immune system rapidly mounts responses to infections, and once cleared, resolves inflammatory responses to return to homeostasis. However, a skewed immune system, such as seen in allergy, does not easily return to homeostasis. Allergic responses are often seen to multiple antigens. Likewise, a dysbiotic gut microbiota is seen in multiple diseases. Attempts to reset the gut microbiota as a therapy for disease have met with varied success. Therefore, how these codeveloping “organ systems” become established is a central question relevant to our overall health. Recent observations suggest that maternal factors encountered both in utero and after birth can directly or indirectly impact the development of the offspring's gut microbiome and immune system. Here, we discuss how these nongenetic maternal influences can have long‐term effects on the progeny's health.

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Is There Postdefecation Bacteremia?

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections

Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections

How do I investigate septic transfusion reactions and blood donors with culture‐positive platelet donations?

Inherited nongenetic influences on the gut microbiome and immune system

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