Is this a worrisome red eye? Episcleritis in the primary care setting

Salama, Amr; Elsheikh, Arwa; Alweis, Richard

doi:10.1080/20009666.2017.1418110

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The episodes resolved within 2-3 weeks. Prolonged episodes may be more common in patients with associated systemic conditions [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Obaid Hassnah,

Haidar,

Kudsi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Surgery: Global Health

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune disease. The authors aimed to report the characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with RA. Methods: Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected including: age, sex, and BMI. Disease data included the duration, the present main complaint, including the number of painful and swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, and the patient’s self-evaluation form had also been applied and registered. Eye symptom including pain, dryness, redness, photophobia, discharge, and blurred vision was asked and registered, in addition to full medical history, treatment, and evaluation of clinical disease activity index. Rheumatologic examination included: the number of tender and swollen joints in patients was done. All study subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examination in the following manner: visual acuity assessment by Snellen’s chart, evaluation of pupil diameter and reflexes as well as eyeball movements, tear film evaluation by using Schirmer’s test, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp evaluation of the anterior segment with concentration on ocular surface assessment, followed by installation of topical mydriatic/cycloplegic eyedrops for posterior eye segment exam and fundoscopy. Laboratory tests included rheumatic factor, anti cytoplasmic citrulinted peptide, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were performed and analyzed. Results: Mean age of study group was 41.5±10 years,78.59% of which were females. Ocular manifestations were present in 31.14%. Dry eye was diagnosed in (36.71%), among which burning sensation was found in (35.15%), and photophopia in (27.34%). The most frequent ocular manifestation was episcleritis (66.40%), while scleritis was diagnosed in (22.65%), and keratoconjuctivitis was present in (7.04%). Discussion: The most common manifestations of ocular involvement in our RA patients was episcleritis, dry eye, and scleritis. Positive serum rheumatoid factor and anticitrulinated peptide antibody significantly increased the risk of having ocular manifestations, especially dry eyes, and the ocular manifestations prevalence was higher among male patients, long disease duration and treatment with biologics and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Conclusion: Ocular symptoms are relatively frequent manifestation of RA. Regular ophthalmological examinations are essential among patients with RA.

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“…The episodes resolved within 2-3 weeks. Prolonged episodes may be more common in patients with associated systemic conditions [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necrotizing scleritis with or without inflammation is much less frequent, and associated with systemic autoimmune disorders [15] . There was no case of necrotizing scleritis in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Obaid Hassnah,

Haidar,

Kudsi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Surgery: Global Health

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“…Bilateral involvement suggests underlying systemic disease. Systemic non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and topical steroids are used in its treatment [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Atrichia with Recurrent Episcleritis-A Rare Case Report

Chauhan¹,

Chauhan²,

Tomar³

2019

Arch Nephrol Urol

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Congenital atrichia is a rare disorder and is often associated with various systemic diseases. Ocular involvement has also been reported. We report a rare case of congenital atrichia with recurrent episcleritis. To the best of our knowledge and after an extensive internet search, this is probably the first reported case of congenital atrichia with episcleritis.The association may be a co-incidental finding or may have a broader perspective. Hence, further studies are warranted.

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“…In the treatment of episcleritis, the combination of artificial tears and cold compresses provide symptomatic relief. 85 No significant differences have been observed in the signs or symptoms of idiopathic episcleritis when either artificial tears or topical ketorolac (NSAID) is used. 86 Following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery, the application of preservative-free artificial tears reduces postoperative ocular discomfort and increases visual recovery.…”

Section: Other Therapeutic Functions Of Artificial Tearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Tears: A Systematic Review

Semp¹,

Beeson²,

Sheppard³

et al. 2023

OPTO

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Artificial tears are the mainstay of dry eye disease management, but also have a role in corneal abrasion and wound healing, pain and inflammation management, conjunctivitis, keratitis, contact lens rewetting and removal, and foreign body removal. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO registration CRD42022369619) comparing the efficacy of artificial tears in patients with dry eye to inform prescribing choices using Web of Science, PubMed and Medline databases identified 64 relevant articles. There is good evidence that artificial tears improve symptoms of dry eye disease within a month of regular use, applied about four times a day, but signs generally take several months to improve. Not all patients with dry eye disease benefit from artificial tears, so if there is no benefit over a month, alternative management should be considered. Combination formulations are more effective than single active ingredient artificial tears. Artificial tears containing polyethylene glycol are more effective than those containing carboxymethylcellulose/carmellose sodium and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Those classified as having evaporative dry eye disease, benefit from artificial tears with liposomes, especially of higher concentration. The data available is limited by the definition of dry eye disease applied in published studies being variable, as well as the disease severity examined and compliance with artificial tears being rarely quantified.

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Is this a worrisome red eye? Episcleritis in the primary care setting

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Eye involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Eye involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Congenital Atrichia with Recurrent Episcleritis-A Rare Case Report

Artificial Tears: A Systematic Review

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