Is thymus redundant after adulthood?

Shanker, Anil

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2003.12.012

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…In this way, to contribute to augment the information on the thymopoiesis magnitude in elderly people is especially outstanding. In fact, although some authors point to a remaining functionality of the human adult thymus (Shanker 2004;Pawelec et al 2006), laboratory data are scarce and indirect approximations are mostly used (Marusic et al 1998). Moreover, few studies have been performed directly on elderly human thymic samples, and most of them used small cohorts, which usually blended ex-vivo analysis with thymic tissue obtained from autopsies (Jamieson et al 1999;Marinova 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymopoiesis in elderly human is associated with systemic inflammatory status

Ferrando‐Martínez

Franco

Hernández

et al. 2009

AGE

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Immunosenescence studies of age-related immune system damage focused on clinical lymphopenic situations or androgenic blockade have revealed new insights about adult human immune reconstitution. However, as far as we know, the extent of lymphopoiesis in the thymus of elderly humans remains unclear. To this effect, we have analyzed 65 adult human thymuses (from 36 to 81 years; median age 68.6 years) obtained from patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Our results show a correlation between CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP) cells and both the age (inverse) and percentage (direct) of peripheral naive T cells, indicating that the thymus is still able to affect the peripheral lymphocyte pool even in the elderly. We also found significant correlation between the degree of thymopoiesis and the inflammation markers, as shown by the inverse correlations between DP and the percentage of neutrophils and IL-6 levels and the percentage of peripheral lymphocytes. Furthermore, in a multivariate linear regression the percentage of DP and IL-7 levels, but not age, were independently associated with the percentage of neutrophils. In conclusion, the thymus maintains, even in the elderly, an active thymopoiesis that rejuvenates the peripheral naive T-cell pool. Moreover, age-related thymopoietic decay is associated with the peripheral inflammation markers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymopoiesis in elderly human is associated with systemic inflammatory status

Ferrando‐Martínez

Franco

Hernández

et al. 2009

AGE

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“…It has long been known to be vulnerable to atrophy associated with exposure to a variety of substances, including hormones, immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, and environmental chemicals (Ashwell et al, 2000;Shanker, 2004;Drela, 2006;Zoller and Kersh, 2006;Nohara et al, 2008). Given the complexity of the thymus, compounds that cause thymic atrophy could be acting on a variety of cellular targets and through various mechanisms (Nohara et al, 2008), such as inhibition of thymocyte precursors in the bone marrow or fetal liver, or inhibition of intrathymic development of the thymocytes themselves (Nohara et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in immunocytes induced by several types of pesticides

Fukuyama¹,

Tajima²,

Ueda³

et al. 2009

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…The thymus will shrink with age and this is a sign of mature development of the immune system in an individual. Thymus deficiency begins to occur during adulthood (Shanker, 2004). The bursa fabricius and thymus are the primary lymphoid organs in poultry that are the site of the development of lymphoid cells (Roitt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effect Of Treatment On the Weight Of Immune Organ Of Broilermentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Meal as a Substitute for Soybean Meal in Diet for Broiler Reared for 35 Days

2018

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This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of jack bean meal as a substitution of soybean meal in the diets and the effect on broiler performance. A total number of two hundred Lohmann MB 202 Platinum broiler chickens were kept in five weeks rearing period, consisted of three weeks of starter phase (0-3 weeks) and two weeks of finisher phase (3-5 weeks). This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The dietary treatments were: JB 0-0 (control ration: basal diet without jack bean meal substitution in starter and in finisher phase), JB 50-0 (basal diet with jack bean meal substitution in starter phase only), JB 50-50 (basal diet with jack bean meal substitution in starter and in finisher phase), JB 0-50 (basal diet with jack bean meal substitution in the finisher phase only). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and followed with Duncan's multiple-range test for the data with significant difference. The variables measured were: growth performance, carcase yield, visceral organ weight and immune organ. Results showed that the dietary treatment had no effect on performance, carcass yield and commercial cut, visceral organ or immune organs of 35 days old broiler chickens, except for the thymus (P<0.05). It can be concluded that as a source of protein, soybean meal can be replaced by jack bean meal up to 50%. Jack bean meal can be given either in starter phase only, in finisher phase only, or in both starter and in finisher phase.

show abstract

Is thymus redundant after adulthood?

Cited by 49 publications

References 102 publications

Thymopoiesis in elderly human is associated with systemic inflammatory status

Thymopoiesis in elderly human is associated with systemic inflammatory status

Apoptosis in immunocytes induced by several types of pesticides

Utilization of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Meal as a Substitute for Soybean Meal in Diet for Broiler Reared for 35 Days

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