Is translocation an effective tool to remove predatory foxes from a desert protected area?

Lenain, Daniel M.; Warrington, S.

doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0754

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2). Homing upon translocation has been observed in a range of species, including bears [48], [49], cougars [13], wolves [11], foxes [12], deer [50], elephant seals [51], eagles [19], crocodiles [22], Gila monsters [20], and newts [52]. Home ranges and spatial organization of individuals reflect resource use and strategies adopted by individuals to maximize fitness [53], [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many species show individually variable responses to translocation with some returning to the capture site and others settling at the release location [10], [11]. In some species the probability of returning home is inversely related to distance translocated (wolves [11], bears [49], foxes [12], Gila monsters [20]) and in some, those that return are more likely to be adults (cougars [13], wolves [11]). Sex bias with males more likely to leave has been observed in cougars [13] and black bears [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mostly applied to ‘nuisance’ or ‘dangerous’ animals it is taxonomically biased towards mammals. Species so translocated include squirrels [8], raccoons [9], deer, bear, rodents [10], wolves [11], foxes, wild cats [12], cougars [13], leopards [14], tigers [15], elephants [16], [17], geese [18], eagles [19], Gila monsters [20], snakes [21] and crocodilians [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problem-Elephant Translocation: Translocating the Problem and the Elephant?

Fernando

Leimgruber

Prasad³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Human-elephant conflict (HEC) threatens the survival of endangered Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Translocating “problem-elephants” is an important HEC mitigation and elephant conservation strategy across elephant range, with hundreds translocated annually. In the first comprehensive assessment of elephant translocation, we monitored 16 translocations in Sri Lanka with GPS collars. All translocated elephants were released into national parks. Two were killed within the parks where they were released, while all the others left those parks. Translocated elephants showed variable responses: “homers” returned to the capture site, “wanderers” ranged widely, and “settlers” established home ranges in new areas soon after release. Translocation caused wider propagation and intensification of HEC, and increased elephant mortality. We conclude that translocation defeats both HEC mitigation and elephant conservation goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problem-Elephant Translocation: Translocating the Problem and the Elephant?

Fernando

Leimgruber

Prasad³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Translocation, or the relocation of wild animals within their former or current natural range, has long been a popular tool for the management of a wide variety of wildlife, including snakes (Dodd and Seigel, 1991;Cope and Waller, 1995;Fischer and Lindenmayer, 2000;Lenain, 2001;Germano and Bishop, 2008;Kingsbury and Attum, 2009;Troy, 2013). Translocation is increasingly being used as a management or conservation tool to augment a current population to increase its viability, to create a new population in a part of a species' historical range, or to remove nuisance venomous animals from areas with human activity (Plummer and Mills, 2000;King et al, 2004;Kingsbury and Attum, 2009;Roe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long distance translocation on corticosterone and testosterone levels in male rattlesnakes

Heiken

Brusch

Gartland

et al. 2016

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Translocation is an increasingly common conservation tool used to augment declining populations or to remove nuisance animals from areas of human conflict. Studies show that venomous snakes translocated long distances may wander and experience increased mortality. However, potential sub-lethal physiological effects on translocated snakes remain unknown. We conducted an experimental study on free-ranging rattlesnakes to test the hypothesis that long distance translocation is stressful. The glucocorticoid response to translocation was variable among snakes. There was some evidence that translocation may be stressful, as baseline corticosterone levels in most snakes rose following translocation, whereas levels remained consistent in control snakes. Interestingly, testosterone levels rose dramatically following translocation, possibly reflecting effects of interaction with new environmental cues and/or resident snakes, or effects of navigation in a new environment. Corticosterone and testosterone were positively correlated. Our study shows that long distance translocation can affect steroid hormone concentrations in rattlesnakes, a result that should be taken into consideration when managing nuisance snakes or repatriating animals to the wild.

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“…Translocation, or the relocation of wild animals within their former or current natural range, has long been a popular tool for the management of a wide variety of wildlife including snakes (Dodd and Seigel, 1991;Cope and Waller, 1995;Fischer and Lindenmayer, 2000;Lenain, 2001;Germano and Bishop, 2008;Kingsbury and Attum, 2009;Troy, 2013). The mitigation of human-snake conflict through the relocation of nuisance animals is the primary motivation behind snake translocation (Hardy et al, 2001;Nowak et al, 2002;Butler et al, 2005;Kingsbury and Attum, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavioral and physiological effects of long-distance translocation on Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus)

Heiken¹

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Kory Hayden HeikenLong-distance translocation (LDT), the relocation of an animal outside of its home range, is a popular strategy for mitigating conflict between humans and venomous snakes. While LDT has been demonstrated to prevent a snake's return to the location of capture, it may result in increased mortality, magnitude and frequency of movements, and activity range sizes. Thus, it has generally been discouraged. However, the effects of LDT on stress physiology and thermoregulation have gone largely unstudied in reptiles.To elucidate these effects, we conducted an experimental LDT on Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) on Vandenberg Air Force base in California.Fourteen snakes were monitored, beginning in mid July 2012 and ending in early September. Each was implanted with a radio transmitter and iButton temperature data logger within the coelomic cavity. In late August, seven snakes were translocated to similar habitat, approximately 30 kilometers away, where they were monitored for 9-13 days. Prior to translocation, all snakes were tracked every other day, while after translocation all snakes were tracked every day. A 'Before-After Control-Impact' (BACI) experimental design was used, with a dedicated control group, but also with the translocated group serving as control prior to the act of translocation.We collected data on snake body temperatures (T b ) and temperatures (T e ) of physical operative temperature models (OTMs) that simulated non-thermoregulating snakes and allowed for a comparison of habitat thermal quality between our two study sites. Together, T b and T e allowed for a formal assessment of thermoregulatory effectiveness. Additionally, blood concentrations of corticosterone (CORT), the primary stress hormone in reptiles, and testosterone (T), a metric of male reproductive ability that is often negatively associated with CORT, were assayed just prior to translocation and again at the end of the study. During each of the two sampling periods, in addition to baseline hormone concentrations, stressed hormone concentrations were assayed following the application of an acute stressor (the baseline blood draw plus one hour's captivity in a plastic bucket). We also studied the effect of LDT on the CORT and T response (stressed concentration minus baseline concentration). Furthermore, we evaluated how LDT impacted a suite of behaviors related to defense and movement, as well as snake body mass and body condition index (BCI). Finally, we assessed the effects of LDT on movements and spatial use (activity range size). We sought to assess the effects of LDT on movements, spatial use, and behavior in order to facilitate comparison with other translocation studies, as well as to evaluate those impacts in a physiological context. In addition to assessing the impact of LDT on CORT and T separately, we v evaluated a relationship between the two steroid hormones, and, using a model selection approach, we evaluated relationships between CORT and T and movements and spatial use.The thermal quality of the h...

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Is translocation an effective tool to remove predatory foxes from a desert protected area?

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Problem-Elephant Translocation: Translocating the Problem and the Elephant?

Problem-Elephant Translocation: Translocating the Problem and the Elephant?

Effects of long distance translocation on corticosterone and testosterone levels in male rattlesnakes

The behavioral and physiological effects of long-distance translocation on Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus)

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