Is vector control needed to eliminate gambiense human African trypanosomiasis?

Solano, Philippe; Torr, Stephen J.; Lehane, Mike

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00033

Cited by 60 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ETH is released from the Inka cells of the trachea upon stimulation by EH and/or Crz [63], and acts on the CNS. While we could not detect EH in tsetse fly tissues, we could detect the presence of a single truncated ETH peptide (ETH [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] ) in the brain (Supplementary Data).…”

Section: Crustacean Cardioactive Peptides -Corazoninecdysis Triggerinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, new drugs have not been developed since 1990. Even though new therapies are being explored such as anti-trypanosome nanobodies [9], targeting the tsetse fly vector remains a cornerstone in the control and elimination of HAT and AAT [10,11]. Owing to their small population size, low reinvasion rate [12], and low reproductive rate, tsetse flies cannot recover quickly from a collapse of their population [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peptidomics of Neuropeptidergic Tissues of the Tsetse FlyGlossina morsitans morsitans

Caers

Boonen

Abbeele³

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are essential signaling molecules that regulate nearly all physiological processes. The recent release of the tsetse fly genome allowed the construction of a detailed in silico neuropeptide database (International Glossina Genome Consortium, Science 344, 380-386 (2014)), as well as an in-depth mass spectrometric analysis of the most important neuropeptidergic tissues of this medically and economically important insect species. Mass spectrometric confirmation of predicted peptides is a vital step in the functional characterization of neuropeptides, as in vivo peptides can be modified, cleaved, or even mispredicted. Using a nanoscale reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to a Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer, we detected 51 putative bioactive neuropeptides encoded by 19 precursors: adipokinetic hormone (AKH) I and II, allatostatin A and B, capability/ pyrokinin (capa/PK), corazonin, calcitonin-like diuretic hormone (CT/DH), FMRFamide, hugin, leucokinin, myosuppressin, natalisin, neuropeptide-like precursor (NPLP) 1, orcokinin, pigment dispersing factor (PDF), RYamide, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F (sNPF) and tachykinin. In addition, propeptides, truncated and spacer peptides derived from seven additional precursors were found, and include the precursors of allatostatin C, crustacean cardioactive peptide, corticotropin releasing factor-like diuretic hormone (CRF/DH), ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), ion transport peptide (ITP), neuropeptide F, and proctolin, respectively. The majority of the identified neuropeptides are present in the central nervous system, with only a limited number of peptides in the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata and midgut. Owing to the large number of identified peptides, this study can be used as a reference for comparative studies in other insects.

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Section: Crustacean Cardioactive Peptides -Corazoninecdysis Triggerinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidomics of Neuropeptidergic Tissues of the Tsetse FlyGlossina morsitans morsitans

Caers

Boonen

Abbeele³

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Another heterogeneity in the human population is exposure to tsetse bites, with individuals spending time in the forested or riverine areas where tsetse concentrate receiving the most bites [14]. A previous modelling study indicated that there was evidence that the highly exposed individuals are also the group which do not participate in active screening [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Impact of Intervention Strategies for Sleeping Sickness in Two High-Endemicity Health Zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo

et al. 2017

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Two goals have been set for Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), the first is to achieve elimination as a public health problem in 90% of foci by 2020, and the second is to achieve zero transmission globally by 2030. It remains unclear if certain HAT hotspots could achieve elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and, of greater concern, it appears that current interventions to control HAT in these areas may not be sufficient to achieve zero transmission by 2030. A mathematical model of disease dynamics was used to assess the potential impact of changing the intervention strategy in two high-endemicity health zones of Kwilu province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Six key strategies and twelve variations were considered which covered a range of recruitment strategies for screening and vector control. It was found that effectiveness of HAT screening could be improved by increasing effort to recruit high-risk groups for screening. Furthermore, seven proposed strategies which included vector control were predicted to be sufficient to achieve an incidence of less than 1 reported case per 10,000 people by 2020 in the study region. All vector control strategies simulated reduced transmission enough to meet the 2030 goal, even if vector control was only moderately effective (60% tsetse population reduction). At this level of control the full elimination threshold was expected to be met within six years following the start of the change in strategy and over 6000 additional cases would be averted between 2017 and 2030 compared to current screening alone. It is recommended that a two-pronged strategy including both enhanced active screening and tsetse control is implemented in this region and in other persistent HAT foci to ensure the success of the control programme and meet the 2030 elimination goal for HAT.

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“…However, our elasticity indices give an indication that HAT can be prevented by adequate control of the flies by reducing R 0 below 1. In fact, vector control is now recognized as part of the field strategy to eliminate HAT caused by T. b. gambiense [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a model of gambiense sleeping sickness in humans and cattle

Ndondo

Munganga

Mwambakana

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Nagana in cattle, commonly called sleeping sickness, is caused by trypanosome protozoa transmitted by bites of infected tsetse flies. We present a deterministic model for the transmission of HAT caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense between human hosts, cattle hosts and tsetse flies. The model takes into account the growth of the tsetse fly, from its larval stage to the adult stage. Disease in the tsetse fly population is modeled by three compartments, and both the human and cattle populations are modeled by four compartments incorporating the two stages of HAT. We provide a rigorous derivation of the basic reproduction number R0. For R0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, thus HAT dies out; whereas (assuming no return to susceptibility) for R0 >1, HAT persists. Elasticity indices for R0 with respect to different parameters are calculated with baseline parameter values appropriate for HAT in West Africa; indicating parameters that are important for control strategies to bring R0 below 1. Numerical simulations with R0 > 1 show values for the infected populations at the endemic equilibrium, and indicate that with certain parameter values, HAT could not persist in the human population in the absence of cattle.

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Is vector control needed to eliminate gambiense human African trypanosomiasis?

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Peptidomics of Neuropeptidergic Tissues of the Tsetse FlyGlossina morsitans morsitans

Peptidomics of Neuropeptidergic Tissues of the Tsetse FlyGlossina morsitans morsitans

Predicting the Impact of Intervention Strategies for Sleeping Sickness in Two High-Endemicity Health Zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Analysis of a model of gambiense sleeping sickness in humans and cattle

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