Is weight loss the optimal target for obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk reduction?

Ross, Robert; Janiszewski, Peter M.

doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(08)71046-8

Cited by 101 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cross-sectional data cannot be used to infer causality, but several randomized, controlled trials have found that aerobic exercise is accompanied by preferential reductions in visceral adipose tissue. 48 The 'fitness versus fatness' issue has provoked heated debate in recent years. 2 Blair and colleagues 21 have consistently found that physical fitness reduces or eliminates the risks associated with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The risk of chronic disease is lower in obese men who are fit and active than obese men who are unfit and inactive. Methods/Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to assess total and regional adipose tissue in 13 men who were slim, fit and active (the slim-fit), in 12 men who were slim, unfit and inactive (the slim-unfit), in 13 men who were fat, fit and active (the fat-fit) and in 12 men who were fat, unfit and inactive (the fat-unfit), in order to investigate the hypothesis that visceral fat and liver fat are lower in the fat-fit than the fat-unfit. Waist girth was used to distinguish slim men (p90 cm) and fat men (X100 cm). Maximal oxygen consumption was used to identify fit men (above average for age) and unfit men (average or below for age). Fit men reported at least 60 min of vigorous aerobic activity per week and unfit men reported no regular moderate or vigorous activity in the last 2 years. Results: Total fat was not significantly different in the slim-fit and the slim unfit, but the proportion of internal fat was significantly lower (Po0.05) and the proportion of visceral fat was almost significantly lower (P ¼ 0.06) in the slim-fit than all other groups. Total fat was not significantly different in the fat-fit and the fat-unfit, but visceral fat and liver fat were significantly lower in the fat-fit than the fat-unfit (Po0.01). Waist girth and years of exercise explained 84% of the variance in total fat, waist girth and maximal oxygen consumption explained 70% of the variance in visceral fat, and waist girth alone explained 25% of the variance in liver fat. Conclusion: Chronic disease risk may be lower because visceral fat and liver fat are lower in men who are fat, fit and active.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researches suggest that exercise capacity may be very important predictor of CHD and all-cause mortality. [21][22][23] Our results showed that aerobic exercise training improves functional capacity, resting heart rate and maximum heart rate significantly (Table 2), independent of anthropometric measures of obesity. These findings are in agreement with the results of previous studies reported that exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation program improves cardiopulmonary fitness of CAD patients, which may have not an influence on BMI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

The Effects of Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation in Serum and Salivary Hs-CRP and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Jamshidpour

Moghadam

Vasaghi‐Gharamaleki

et al. 2013

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) by its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of exercise training programs on salivary concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with coronary artery disease has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phase III cardiac rehabilitation on serum and salivary levels of hs-CRP, in relation to the anthropometric measurements of obesity and the relationship between salivary and serum levels of hs-CRP in CAD male patients. Materials and methods:Forty male volunteers (45-75 years) with CAD participated in 6 to 8 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training consisting of 45 minutes sessions of treadmill, stationary bicycle and arm ergometer. Anthropometric measurements of obesity, serum level of hs-CRP, stimulated and nonstimulated salivary level of hs-CRP were measured at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of exercise sessions.Results: All anthropometric measurements increased (p < 0.05) following cardiac rehabilitation except waist-hip ratio. Serum hs-CRP level reduced by 36% independent to the anthropometric measurements changes. Stimulated and nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP level decreased 68 and 54%, respectively, after 24 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation. Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP levels correlated to serum levels of hs-CRP at baseline and after 24 sessions (p < 0.05). Conclusion:Phase III cardiac rehabilitation seems to be effective to improve serum and salivary hs-CRP concentrations independent of anthropometric measurements.Clinical significance: Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP measurement could be a surrogate for blood measurement of hs-CRP during cardiac rehabilitation in male patients with CAD.

show abstract

“…This is confirmed by Kyle et al (2004) results, which show that PA reduces the BFM and that changes to FFM are minimal. Ross and Janiszewski (2008) and King, Hopkins, Caudwell, Stubbs, and Blundell (2009) demonstrated that PA provides health benefits even without changes in anthropometric indicators thus reduces the risk of obesity complications, improves mental well-being and leads to better adherence to the weight loss regime. Exercise itself does not always have to lead to large loss of body mass, however it has a number of positive effects related to, among others, increased energy expenditure and improvement in long term adherence to the reduction program (Máček & Radvanský, 2013;Racette, Deusinger, & Deusinger, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Ross, and Janiszewski (2008) in their study proved that whilst overall body weight reduction is associated to a significant decrease in cardiovascular risk related to obesity (a reason why it remains the desired outcome of relevant treatment strategies), increased PA even in cases of minimal or zero weight changes, can increase body fitness and thus positively influence health. King, Hopkins, Caudwell, Stubbs, and Blundell (2009) found that PA without weight reduction leads to reduced risks of obesity complications, as well as to a better mental state, which supports adherence to the reduction programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of movement intervention for women attending courses in weight reduction

Sofková¹,

Přidalová²,

Pelclová³

2014

Acta Gymnica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Accelerated pace of life and consumerism leads to an increase in obesity. The key element in programs to reduce overweight and obesity is regular physical activity (PA) by means of a healthy lifestyle. Walking, which can be simply assessed by pedometers is appropriate PA that is accessible to everyone, regardless of age and gender. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of courses in weight reduction to the selected body composition (BC) parameters in the obese and overweight women of various age and PA level. Methods: 124 women with existing sendenary lifestyles participated in the study, they were differentiated by age (< 40 years: aged 31.3 ± 5.4 years, body weight of 88.2 ± 18.5 kg, body height of 166.5 ± 9.5 cm and ≥ 40 years: aged 51.6 ± 7.5 years, body weight of 88.9 ± 13.3 kg, body height of 163.8 ± 8.2 cm). We divided the monitored sample into sub-groups according to the level of their PA. To determine the average daily number of footsteps during the PA the Yamax pedometer was used. InBody 720 device using the Direct Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method (DSM-BIA Method) was used to measure and analyse the BC. Results: Based on monitoring of PA and BC health risk indicators the effect of the exercise program, which included cognitive behavioural therapy, showed a decline in body mass index (BMI) and body fat expressed in percentages (PBF) and in the decrease of the visceral fat area (VFA). The amount of fat-free mass (FFM) remained the same. Preceding the therapy the BMI average was within the obesity group (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). Following the three month therapy we observed in women with a higher level of PA a shift to the overweight group. Therapy contributed to a reduction in PBF from 2.4% to 3.9% even though the women's groups were still classified as obese (> 35%). During the repeated measurements significant changes (p < .05) occurred only in the VFA in relation to different ages. Conclusions: Research studies have shown positive relationships between the increase in PA and changes in health risk indicators. Observance of the recommended number of 10,000 footsteps per day primarily prevents the increase in body fat mass (BFM) and maintains FFM. Taking up a weight reduction program is essential when commencing the weight loss process in the course of lifestyle change.

show abstract

Is weight loss the optimal target for obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk reduction?

Cited by 101 publications

References 81 publications

Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit

Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit

The Effects of Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation in Serum and Salivary Hs-CRP and Anthropometric Measurements in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

The effect of movement intervention for women attending courses in weight reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About