Is white rice consumption a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Tunhasiriwet, Anusith; Zhang, Hong Ju; Prokop, Larry J.; Chirapongsathorn, Sakkarin; Sun, Tao; Wang, Zhen

doi:10.1136/heartasia-2017-010909

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“… 49 Two other meta-analysis (including 207 556 to 1 777 059 participants and 12 391 to 22 537 events) reported no associations between rice consumption and cardiovascular mortality. 50 51 Muraki et al examined the association between white and brown rice consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in three US cohorts and reported no association, similar to our findings. 50 One probable reason for a higher risk of cardiovascular disease with higher rice intake was attributed to arsenic content in soil and during irrigation which is probably removed by polishing rice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study

Swaminathan¹,

Dehghan

Raj

et al. 2021

BMJ

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Objective To evaluate the association between intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice with cardiovascular disease, total mortality, blood lipids, and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting PURE study in 21 countries. Participants 148 858 participants with median follow-up of 9.5 years. Exposures Country specific validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice. Main outcome measure Composite of mortality or major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Hazard ratios were estimated for associations of grain intakes with mortality, major cardiovascular events, and their composite by using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts to account for clustering by centre. Results Analyses were based on 137 130 participants after exclusion of those with baseline cardiovascular disease. During follow-up, 9.2% (n=12 668) of these participants had a composite outcome event. The highest category of intake of refined grains (≥350 g/day or about 7 servings/day) was associated with higher risk of total mortality (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.46; P for trend=0.004), major cardiovascular disease events (1.33, 1.16 to 1.52; P for trend<0.001), and their composite (1.28, 1.15 to 1.42; P for trend<0.001) compared with the lowest category of intake (<50 g/day). Higher intakes of refined grains were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. No significant associations were found between intakes of whole grains or white rice and health outcomes. Conclusion High intake of refined grains was associated with higher risk of mortality and major cardiovascular disease events. Globally, lower consumption of refined grains should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study

Swaminathan¹,

Dehghan

Raj

et al. 2021

BMJ

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“…(2018) reported that germinated coloured rice seems to have more nutritional value and biological activity than germinated non‐coloured rice has. Non‐coloured rice seems to have more negative health effects than coloured rice has, such as related to cardiovascular diseases (Krittanawong et a l ., 2017). Moreover, Prasad et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract, rice volatile compounds and their combination against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and tyrosinase

Sansenya

Payaka

Wannasut

et al. 2020

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study revealed that the prevalence of MetS was different in men and women with different rice preferences [10]. In Indian and Japan it did not find an association between rice consumption and the prevalence of MetS [9,10,11,13]. The main reason for this result is likely to be that the rice consumption differed between southern China and northern China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have focused on the relationship between cereal consumption and the prevalence of MetS. The literature on rice intake is mixed, with some studies finding a positive relationship [7,8], some no relationship [9,10,11,12,13], and some an inverse relationship [14,15]. In the Japanese population, whole-wheat consumption has been shown to significantly reduce visceral fat obesity, and therefore reduce the risk of MetS [16], but udon noodle consumption was shown to increase the risk of MetS and abdominal obesity [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Disparities in the Association between Cereal Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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This study examines regional disparities in the association between cereal consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. We used data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for 2892 healthy adults aged 18–75 years (1088 in northern China, 1804 in southern China) who had no non-communicable chronic diseases or MetS at the initial visit in 2009 and the follow-up in 2015. We used a 74-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the dietary intake. We defined MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Multiple logistic regressions stratified by region were performed to estimate the association between cereal consumption and the risk of MetS, and the quantile regression analyzed the relationship between cereal consumption and individual components of MetS in 2015. The rice consumption in southern China (9.00 kg/month) was more than twice that in northern China (3.60 kg/month). Consumption of wheat and wheat products in northern China (4.20 kg/month) was more than twice that in southern China (1.50 kg/month). After we adjusted for potential confounders, rice consumption was inversely associated with a risk of MetS 0.709 (95% CI: 0.458–1.003), the intake of wheat and wheat products was positively associated with a risk of MetS 1.925 (95% CI: 1.292–2.867) in southern China. We found no association between the intake of cereal and the prevalence of MetS in northern China. The quantile regression showed that various cereals were differentially associated with the components of MetS. The association between cereal consumption and the risk of MetS, and the components of MetS varied across these two regions of China.

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Is white rice consumption a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Higher white rice consumption has not been shown to be associated with increased risk of CHD, stroke and T2DM. However, white rice consumption may be associated with increased risk of MetS in certain populations.

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study

Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract, rice volatile compounds and their combination against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and tyrosinase

Regional Disparities in the Association between Cereal Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

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