Ischemia during rest intervals between sets prevents decreases in fatigue during the explosive squat exercise: a randomized, crossover study

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of ischemia, used only before particular sets of a lower limb resistance exercise on power output. Ten healthy resistance-trained males (age = 26 ± 6 years; body mass = 90 ± 9 kg; training experience = 9 ± 7 years) performed two experimental sessions (with ischemia; control without ischemia) following a randomized crossover design. During the ischemic condition, the cuffs were inflated to 60% of arterial occlusion pressure. The cuffs were applied before each set for 4.5 min and released 30 s before the start of the set as the reperfusion (4.5 min ischemia + 0.5 min reperfusion). In the control condition, ischemia was not applied. During the experimental sessions, the subjects performed the Keiser machine squat exercise protocol which consisted of 5 sets of two repetitions, at a load of 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 5 min rest intervals between sets. The repetitions were performed with maximal velocity. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction effect for power output (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.26). There was also a statistically significant main effect of condition for power output (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.40). The post hoc analysis for interaction did not show significant differences between conditions in particular sets. The post hoc analysis for the main effect of the condition revealed that power output was significantly lower in the control group compared to the group where ischemic was used (p = 0.02). The t-test comparisons for particular sets showed a significant lower power output in set 3 (p = 0.03); set 4 (p < 0.01) and set 5 (p < 0.01) for the control condition when compared to the ischemic condition. The results indicate that ischemia applied before each set and released 30 s prior to the start of the squat exercise did not increase power output performance. However, we observed a significantly lower decline in power for the ischemic condition (4.5 min ischemia + 0.5 min reperfusion) in sets 3–5 compared to the control condition. Thus repeated ischemia with reperfusion used between sets can be an effective form of performance enhancement by preventing or at least diminishing fatigue during resistance exercise.

The effects of ischemia during rest intervals on strength endurance performance

“…However, performing repetitions to exhaustion in each set with additional ischemia applied in rest periods would be expected to cause significant reductions in exercise capacity [ 25 ] not only in time under tension but also reductions of explosive performance however such reductions were not observed. The effect of maintaining a certain amount of power output during progressive fatigue following ischemic intra-conditioning was previously observed also in a study by Trybulski et al [ 26 ] showed that ischemia applied during the rest period between sets of Kaiser Squats prevented progressive fatigue compared to the control condition which could also take place in the our study. Maintaining peak and mean concentric velocity during ischemia condition, may be related to the fact that ischemic intra-conditioning compensates or limits the negative effects of arising fatigue.…”

Assessment of the treatment effectiveness of men with mild and medium degree of erectile dysfunction

“…It should be noted that in our study, the incidence of encephalopathy and acute kidney injury was significantly higher in patients with surgical aortic valve replacement as opposed to patients with TAVI, which, in our opinion, is due to the need for the use of artificial circulation during open surgery. For example, according to Pickering JW et al (2015), AKI is observed in almost 20% of patients after cardiac surgery with artificial circulation and associated with a double increase in early mortality [33]. Actually, factors such as non-pulsatile flow, systemic inflammatory response, hemodilution and reduced oxygen delivery during artificial circulation can lead to both impaired cerebral perfusion and renal vasoconstriction with subsequent impaired renal oxygenation and, as a result, kidney injury.…”

“…The provision of specific therapy to patients with stroke in the form of thrombolytic therapy and neurosurgical operations are recognized international standards in the provision of medical care and indicate a high level of its organization throughout the country. It should also be noted that thrombolytic therapy is possible Trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2010 to 2019 only in case of timely seeking medical help during the so-called "therapeutic window" -this is the first 4.5 hours from the moment the first signs of a stroke appear and is a key factor influencing a positive outcome of treatment patients, such as mortality and disability [32][33][34][35]. The indicator for the indicator "Proportion of thrombolysis performed in patients with ischemic stroke" for 12 months of 2017 increased from 1.3 in 2016 to 2.2 in 2017.…”

Forming the professional culture of a future specialist in the field of adaptive physical education and sport

“…At the same time, adaptive physical education and sport help to achieve not only the physical but also the psychological rehabilitation of these people, helping them to achieve not only active social integration but also their physical development (Lacio et al, 2021). In addition, the implementation of physical education and sport is an essential tool for the normal functioning of people with disabilities, as it aims at enabling them to acquire and increase their own level of physical fitness, which in turn is a must in this process (Trybulski et al, 2022). Thus, these skills are necessary for people with disabilities because only with these skills can they use the elements necessary for living in society, including wheelchairs, prosthetics, orthoses, and crutches.…”