Ischemia‐reperfusion injury and ischemic post‐conditioning in acute myocardial infarction: Lost in translation

Abstract

Ischemic post-conditioning (IPoC) has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the risk of ischemia-reperfusion injury during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this comprehensive and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, IPoC during primary PCI for STEMI had no significant effect on all-cause mortality, re-infarction, or new-onset heart failure compared with no post-conditioning. Further strategies need to be prospectively evaluated to improve outcomes in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Recent Advances in Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Strategies of Cardioprotection

“…Studies in animal models of myocardial infarction showed that ischemic postconditioning improved myocardial metabolic recovery and increased myocardial salvage [41,42]. Our studies in animal models of cardiac I/R injury indicate that ischemic postconditioning attenuates ionic imbalance in cardiac cells by reducing the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload, thus reducing excitation-contraction decoupling and incidence of severe arrhythmias and lethality caused by I/R injury [42].…”

MicroRNA-668-3p Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in a Rat H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway

“…Patients with CAD may undergo cardiac ischemic events that result in sudden death [3][4][5]. Thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are current treatment approaches for patients with myocardial ischemia and infarction, which have significantly reduced the mortality rate [6]. However, there continue to be significant population risk factors for CAD, and patient mortality rates from CAD remain high [7].…”

Meteorin-Like (METRNL) Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Activation of AMPK-PAK2 Signaling in H9C2 Cells

“…However, the process of reperfusion further aggravates damage of cardiomyocyte morphology and function, a condition defined as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury [ 7 ]. Recently, percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic therapy have been widely regarded as the most effective therapeutic strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease [ 8 ]. However, the mortality rate of ischemic heart disease is still high, and general population remains at risk of MI/R injury, particularly seniors [ 9 ].…”