Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Muscle Damage Responses Induced by Eccentric Exercise

Franz, Alexander; Behringer, Michael; Harmsen, Jan‐Frieder; Mayer, Constantin; Krauspe, Rüdiger; Zilkens, Christoph; Schumann, Moritz

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001406

Cited by 35 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The blood CK concentration is a biomarker of muscle damage that has been associated with a decline in muscle function and is used to identify muscle fatigue and schedule an appropriate recovery time [ 35 , 36 ]. In the current study, the CK increment was lower than that found in previous research [ 37 ], probably due to the low exercise volume (average 14 min) and the lower eccentric contraction from the incremental test performed here. Most important for the present context, PEIC did not influence the CK response 24 h after the incremental test was performed, which suggests that the PEIC-associated maintenance of performance 24 h after the incremental cycling test is not linked to the magnitude of muscle damage.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemic conditioning in amateur cyclists

Arriel¹,

Souza²,

Mota³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Brief moments of blood flow occlusion followed by reperfusion may promote enhancements in exercise performance. Thus, this study assessed the 24-h effect of post-exercise ischemic conditioning (PEIC) on exercise performance and physiological variables in trained cyclists. In a randomized, single-blind study, 28 trained cyclists (27.1 ± 1.4 years) performed a maximal incremental cycling test (MICT). The outcome measures were creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness and perceived recovery status, heart rate, perceived exertion and power output. Immediately after the MICT, the cyclists performed 1 of the following 4 interventions: 2 sessions of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 2 x 5) or 5 sessions of 2-min occlusion/2-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 5 x 2). The PEIC (50 mm Hg above the systolic blood pressure) or SHAM (20 mm Hg) treatment was applied unilaterally on alternating thighs. At 24 h after the interventions, a second MICT was performed. In all the groups, the CK levels were increased compared with the baseline (p < 0.05) after the 24-h MICT. The PEIC groups (2 x 5 and 5 x 2) felt more tired at 24 h post intervention (p < 0.05). However, both PEIC groups maintained their performance (2 x 5: p = 0.819; 5 x 2: p = 0.790), while the SHAM groups exhibited decreased performance at 24 h post intervention compared to baseline (2 x 5: p = 0.015; 5 x 2: p = 0.045). A decrease in the maximal heart rate (HR) was found only in the SHAM 2 x 5 group (p = 0.015). There were no other significant differences in the heart rate, power output or perceived exertion after 24 h compared with the baseline values for any of the interventions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, PEIC led to maintained exercise performance 24 h post intervention in trained cyclists.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemic conditioning in amateur cyclists

Arriel¹,

Souza²,

Mota³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…The effectiveness of IPC has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (Candilio et al, 2013) and in recreational and professional athletes [for reviews see: (Incognito et al, 2016;Horiuchi, 2017;Caru et al, 2019)]. According to several studies, IPC increases the performance during anaerobic and aerobic exercise, and reduces exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (Franz et al, 2018). Conversely, some studies demonstrated lack of IPC effect on performance (Incognito et al, 2016;Horiuchi, 2017;Caru et al, 2019) as well as some participants are classified as nonresponders for the IPC effect (Franz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Participation in a long-distance run, e.g., marathon or ultramarathon, continues to increase. One side effect of long-distance running is excessive inflammation manifested by the rise in inflammatory cytokine levels. We here aimed to elucidate the effects of 10-day ischemic preconditioning (IPC) training on marathon-induced inflammation and to evaluate the role of serum-stored iron in this process. The study involved 19 recreational runners taking part in a marathon. IPC training was performed in the course of four cycles, by inflating and deflating a blood pressure cuff at 5-min intervals (IPC group, n = 10); the control group underwent sham training (n = 9). The levels of inflammatory and others markers (FSTL-1, IL-6, IL-15, leptin, resistin, TIMP-1, OSM, and LIF) were measured before and 24 h after training; and before, immediately after, and 24 h and 7 day after the marathon. The 10-day IPC training increased serum leptin levels. IL-6, IL-10, FLST-1, and resistin levels were increased, while TIMP-1 levels were decreased in all runners after the marathon. The changes were significantly blunted in runners from the IPC group compared with the control group. Baseline serum iron levels correlated with IL-6 and FSTL-1 levels; serum ferritin correlated with IL-6, FSTL-1, and resistin levels after the marathon. Conversely, serum TIMP-1 levels inversely correlated with serum iron levels. Although not evident at baseline, IPC training significantly reduced marathon-induced inflammation. In addition, the reduced responsiveness and attenuation of running-induced inflammation were inversely related to baseline serum iron and ferritin levels.

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“…One study focused on plantar flexion exercises and found that IPC prepared the cellular metabolism for excessive repair tasks 61 . The next study discovered that IPC led to a decrease in creatine kinase activity during an eccentric exercise 62 . Two studies focused on knee extension exercises.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

Caru

Levesque

Lalonde

et al. 2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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Highlights This systematic review provides a comprehensive review examining the ischemic preconditioning (IPC) literature in sports science over the last 28 years. Studies showed the extent to which IPC can be beneficial to exercise performance. However, not all studies directly observed a positive effect of IPC on exercise performance. The effects of IPC intervention seemed to be more effective in healthy subjects who wished to enhance their performance in aerobic exercises than in athletes. Important clinical heterogeneities and methodologic heterogeneities were reported between studies (i.e., statistical, IPC interventions, outcomes, study participants, and study design heterogeneities).

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Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Muscle Damage Responses Induced by Eccentric Exercise

Abstract: These findings indicate that IPC performed before a bout of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors blunts EIMD and exercise-induced pain while maintaining the contractile properties of the muscle.

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemic conditioning in amateur cyclists

Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemic conditioning in amateur cyclists

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

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