Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Harder, Yves; Schmauß, Daniel; Wettstein, Reto; Egaña, José Tomás; Weiß, Fabian; Weinzierl, Andrea; Schuldt, Anna; Machens, Hans‐Günther; Menger, Michael D.; Rezaeian, Farid

doi:10.3791/51900

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The most popular is an H-shaped cutaneous flap model developed by Quirinia et al [150]. The technique has been modified numerous times since then and is still commonly used for ischemic wound studies not only in rats but also in other animals [151,152,153]. Several problems have been reported for this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Evaluation of Seven Animal Models of Ischemic Skin Wound: A Review Article

Bayat

Chien

2019

JPRI

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Focusing on pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of ischemic wounds is apriority for medical and basic scientists in order to develop new clinical approaches. However it is not always easy for researchers to choose optimal animal models for their particular assessments. This review provides concise information on all currently available ischemic animal models, including rabbits’ ear ischemic models, axial skin flaps (axial pattern flaps), burns, ischemic limbs, localized ischemic wounds, pressure ulcers, and skin flaps, along with their citations as a measure of their acceptance among other researchers. We searched the numerous databases consisting of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Key words included ischemic wound, skin, and animals alone or in combination. Some important features of the seven types of ischemia as well as their results are presented in Tables 1 -7. Table eight presents the results of entire groups of ischemic animal models, with their number of papers, number of wounds, and total and average Google Scholar citations, and web of science citations. We found that rabbits’ ear ischemic models, localized ischemic wounds, and pressure ulcers have the highest total and average citations amongst the studied groups. It was concluded that the rabbits’ ear ischemic model, rat pressure ulcer models, and localized ischemic wound models, have made the greatest contribution to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the ischemic wounds and increased production of new therapeutic protocols based on the citations reported by Google scholar and the web of science databases between 1977 and 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Evaluation of Seven Animal Models of Ischemic Skin Wound: A Review Article

Bayat

Chien

2019

JPRI

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“…The dorsal skinfold chamber was prepared as described previously in detail . Briefly, mice were anaesthetized by an intraperitoneal (ip) mixture of ketamine (75 mg/kg; Ursotamin ® ; Serumwerk Bernburg) and xylazine (15 mg/kg; Rompun ® ; Bayer).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dorsal skinfold chamber: A valuable model for the in vivo evaluation of topical formulations

Dahmke

Ampofo

Menger

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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In this study, we introduce the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model as a valuable approach for the in vivo evaluation of topical formulations. For this purpose, dorsal skinfold chambers were implanted into BALB/c mice. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was administered to the chamber tissue for the local induction of inflammation followed by the application of diclofenac‐containing or diclofenac‐free (control) gel onto the skin of the chamber backside. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was repetitively performed throughout an observation period of 24 hours to study macromolecular leakage, leucocyte‐endothelial cell interactions and microhaemodynamic parameters. In addition, infiltration of the inflamed tissue with different immune cell subtypes was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In a second set of experiments, the effect of dermal application of a diclofenac‐containing gel on photochemically induced thrombus formation was analysed. It was observed that macromolecular leakage, numbers of adherent leucocytes and tissue infiltrating myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐positive neutrophilic granulocytes and CD68‐positive macrophages were significantly reduced in dorsal skinfold chambers treated with diclofenac‐containing gel when compared to controls. Moreover, the diclofenac‐containing gel exerted an anti‐thrombotic activity, as indicated by a significantly prolonged complete vessel occlusion time. These findings demonstrate that the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber represents a valid and versatile tool to evaluate the effects of topical formulations in vivo.

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“…After undergoing acute persistent ischemia, consistent distal necrosis of approximately 50% eventually developed (Fig. 4) [1,30].…”

Section: Dorsal Skinfold Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite profound knowledge in flap anatomy and advanced surgical techniques, ischemiarelated complications including wound breakdown or tissue necrosis continue to occur [1]. This leads to increased patient morbidity, a prolonged hospital stay, and eventually higher costs for the health care system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Rodent Flap Models in Experimental Surgery

et al. 2018

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Background: Flap procedures are widely used in clinical reconstructive surgery. Since ischemia-associated complications, e.g., wound breakdown or tissue necrosis, are still a great challenge in flap surgery, experimental flap models are widely used to study flap physiology and to evaluate treatment strategies to prevent these complications. Summary: Since rodents in general, and mice and rats in particular, are widely used in experimental flap models, we give an overview of the most common flap models in rodents, including the cremaster flap, the osteomyocutaneous flap, the McFarlane flap, the ear flap, and the dorsal skinfold chamber. Key Messages: Rodent flap models in experimental surgery are manifold and have a long history. These models play an important role in training surgical techniques, understanding flap physiology, defining flap anatomy and vascularity, and developing treatment regimens to prevent the necrosis of ischemically challenged tissue. However, it is important to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the single flap models concerning the possible time span of the experiment, the degree of difficulty, and the reproducibility and the translation of the results in humans.

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Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison and Evaluation of Seven Animal Models of Ischemic Skin Wound: A Review Article

Comparison and Evaluation of Seven Animal Models of Ischemic Skin Wound: A Review Article

The dorsal skinfold chamber: A valuable model for the in vivo evaluation of topical formulations

Common Rodent Flap Models in Experimental Surgery

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