“…On the other hand, Musharakah is a type of partnership where all partners jointly contribute capital and manage the business venture (Abdouli, 1991;ElGindi et al, 2009). Profits are shared based on a pre-negotiated ratio, while losses are borne in proportion to the capital contributions by the partners (Aggarwal & Yousef, 2000;Hearn et al, 2012;Kayed, 2012;Yousefi, McCormick, & Abizadeh, 1995). Musharakah contracts are considered optimal in the development of Islamic private equity and venture capital markets, which require capital provision with some control and influence over their management (Al-Suwailem, 1998;Hearn et al, 2012;Khan & BenDjilali, 2003).…”