“…Islamic boarding schools are community-owned and operated Islamic educational institutions (Juhaidi et al, 2023) that have grown and developed since the spread of Islamic values in Indonesia. Historically, Islamic boarding schools have contributed greatly to the progress of Islamic civilization in Indonesia (Kutsiyah, 2020;Setiawan et al, 2023;Yumnah et al, 2021), both culturally, socially and economically in Indonesian society (Manullang, 2020). As stated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, number 18 of 2019, and published in the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia, number 191, pesantren as religious education institutions currently have legal standing not only to carry out their main traditional functions, but also their community empowerment functions (Dinata, 2023;Mubarok, 2021).…”