Island orphans: Barbuda and the rest

Löwenthal, David; Clarke, Colin

doi:10.1080/14662048008447365

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…What it created instead was an environment in which neighbouring islands such as Trinidad and Tobago looked upon each other as competitors with suspicion and fear (Lowenthal & Clarke, 1980). The residents of Tobago possessed a strong and long-standing sense of insular identity and they viewed themselves as distinctive cultural, economic and political entities.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interorganisational Relationships in Small Twin-Island Developing States in the Caribbean – The Role of the Internal Core-Periphery Model: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago

Jordan

2007

Current Issues in Tourism

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This paper explores the issues of tourism collaboration, cooperation, coordination and conflict that exist between dominant and subordinate islands in small twinisland developing states (STIDS). Previous research on tourism in small island developing states (SIDS) have neglected to examine the role that internal core-periphery (ICP) relationships can have on the ability of twin-island states to design institutional arrangements that foster effective collaboration, coordination and cooperation between public sector tourism organisations. Results from the qualitative in-depth interviews conducted show that the ICP relationship between Trinidad and Tobago has set the stage on which institutional structures are designed; organisational roles, responsibilities and authority are assigned; organisations and their actors interact and relate with each other; actors' values and interests are conditioned; distribution of power is determined; and conflicts are played out. It has also contributed to present-day conflicts and tensions between the key public sector organisations responsible for tourism policy-making. Respondents' comments confirmed that contemporary inter-organisational frictions are the product of over one hundred years of inter-island conflict. It is clear that recognition of a wider historical context is necessary in order to obtain a fuller understanding of the social, cultural, economic and political complexity of the environment within which institutional arrangements for tourism are designed.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interorganisational Relationships in Small Twin-Island Developing States in the Caribbean – The Role of the Internal Core-Periphery Model: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago

Jordan

2007

Current Issues in Tourism

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“…The U.K.'s Foreign and Commonwealth Office was opposed to this option for Barbuda—indeed the Anguilla experience appears to have hardened their view about the creation of micro‐polities (cf. Lowenthal & Clarke, 1980). Barbuda sent delegations to the UN to try to prevent the acceptance of the two island nation to the organisation.…”

Section: Island Secessionism: the Case Of Barbudamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disagreement over who owns the land on Barbuda, and the purposes to which it should be put, is centuries old. According to Lowenthal and Clarke (1980), Barbudans have long resented neighbouring Antigua, and many have stridently campaigned against what they call “Antiguan colonialism.” Their efforts have resulted in Barbuda enjoying considerable self‐governing autonomy. In the aftermath of Irma, the Barbuda Council are insisting that further changes to governance arrangements must occur “by any means necessary.”…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, for many, the viability of a (very) small political unit renders any move towards independent statehood absurd. This sentiment is captured by Lowenthal and Clarke (1980), advisers to the Barbudan delegation at Antigua and Barbuda's independence negotiations:

What could be more absurd than a demand by 1,200 islanders for administrative severance from their closest neighbour … Resource‐poor, lacking expertise, commercially dependent on trade with Antigua, Barbuda would seem to have the worst case imaginable … To humour this small, deluded population in any way would seem quixotic folly. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Territory, islandness, and the secessionist imaginary: Why do very small communities favour autonomy over integration?

Corbett

2020

Nations and Nationalism

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Small communities should have the most to gain from integration, but the average size of the state is shrinking as island nationalism creates new, and very small, states out of former colonies, and federalised or autonomous territories. “Islandness,” as a proxy for territory, is employed as a resource to justify secession, but mainstream studies subordinate this factor in accounts that privilege ethnic, religious, linguistic, or economic drivers of identity. This article adds to a small body of work that foregrounds territory. Drawing on an in‐depth case study of Barbuda's (population 1,600) attempt to secede from Antigua demonstrates how nationalists employ different meanings of territory—legal, cultural, and political—to make the case for secession in the absence of factors commonly theorised to drive identify formation. Barbudan secessionism therefore problematises mainstream theory. It concludes by arguing that paying greater attention to how territory acts as a resource in the nationalist imaginary allows us to re‐examine long‐standing studies and cases in new and penetrating light.

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“…Their solution would be to educate Barbudans to manure their lands and force them into private land plots. Barbudans rejected these proposals, leading to a 1901 ordinance, which is still in effect today, allowing for the possession of house sites but left resources, including land beyond the village limits accessible to all Barbudans (Lowenthal and Clarke 1980). The 1901 Ordinance along with a myriad of changing pieces of legislation, demonstrate how Barbudans were governed by laws quite different from Antigua.…”

Section: Post-emancipation Land Acquisition and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resilience of Land Tenure Regimes During Hurricane Irma: How Colonial Legacies Impact Disaster Response and Recovery in Antigua and Barbuda

2019

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Antiguans and Barbudans have both raised concerns over the disaster recovery solutions put in place to mitigate damages sustained during Hurricane Irma in September 2017. In Barbuda, the potential loss of commonhold land ownership and the possibility of a land grab by foreign investors has tended to portray the island as a victim of disaster capitalism rather than as a resilient community. At the same time, neither island has addressed its vulnerabilities to future extreme events through any substantive legislative response, or immediate policy shifts. While it is vital that we attend to the exploitation of vulnerable populations and the efforts of economic restructuring that follow a disaster to better understand the impact of major weather events, we propose that the threat to commonhold land tenure in Barbuda and the legislative overreach of Antigua’s government on the matter following Hurricane Irma can be understood in terms of various landscape legacies and continuities rooted in ongoing struggles over land in Antigua and Barbuda spanning the periods of slavery, emancipation, and post-colonial independence. This paper situates the past with distinction in order to understand the resilience of land tenure regimes, and the ways in which this resilience affects the quality of post-disaster response in the post-Irma era. Using path dependency theory, we examine the tensions over land tenure in response to Hurricane Irma within the framework of colonial legacies of land rights. More specifically, this paper attempts to examine how these land tenure regimes took shape, and in what ways it has been contested and resisted over time. Our findings demonstrate how the imposition of modern land-use solutions atop a landscape shaped by 18th- and 19th-century practices complicates the mandate to plan for and mitigate the impacts of future disasters. The impact of Hurricane Irma on Barbuda further shows how resistance to legislative change might result in a form of ecological restraint rooted in social-cohesion and commonhold land tenure that is now coming under threat.

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Island orphans: Barbuda and the rest

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Interorganisational Relationships in Small Twin-Island Developing States in the Caribbean – The Role of the Internal Core-Periphery Model: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago

Interorganisational Relationships in Small Twin-Island Developing States in the Caribbean – The Role of the Internal Core-Periphery Model: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago

Territory, islandness, and the secessionist imaginary: Why do very small communities favour autonomy over integration?

The Resilience of Land Tenure Regimes During Hurricane Irma: How Colonial Legacies Impact Disaster Response and Recovery in Antigua and Barbuda

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