Islands within islands: Diversification of tailless whip spiders (Amblypygi, Phrynus) in Caribbean caves

Esposito, Lauren A.; Bloom, Trevor; Caicedo-Quiroga, Laura; Alicea-Serrano, Angela M; Sánchez-Ruíz, Jose A.; May‐Collado, Laura J.; Binford, Greta J.; Agnarsson, Ingi

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.005

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The intermediate dispersal model (Agnarsson et al 2014; Agnarsson and Kuntner 2012; Claramunt et al 2012; Diamond et al 1976) predicts that species richness across archipelagos peaks in intermediate dispersers but is comparatively low in excellent dispersers where oceanic barriers are less effective. Our findings are consistent with this model – Argiope spiders are effective dispersers and unlike most arachnid lineages studied in the Caribbean where single island endemism is prominent (Cosgrove et al 2016; Crews and Gillespie 2010; Dziki et al 2015; Esposito et al 2015; McHugh et al 2014) Argiope have undergone little diversification in the Caribbean. A similar pattern was found, for example, in some Selonops lineages in the Caribbean (Crews et al 2010) and in the nephilids of the western Indian Ocean islands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Nevertheless, specimens from Cuba were deeply divergent from the remaining areas in all analyses, which we take as evidence for discovery of a cryptic species here described as Argiope butchko sp. n. ‘Hidden’ taxonomic diversity in the Caribbean is being revealed in multiple lineages by the CarBio project (Cosgrove et al 2016; Dziki et al 2015; Esposito et al 2015; McHugh et al 2014) and future work aims to test taxonomic hypotheses in other ‘widespread’ arachnid species that range from excellent to relatively poor dispersers and thus test the intermediate dispersal model at various taxonomic levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-island endemism is common in successfully colonizing lineages (Arnedo and Gillespie 2006; Arnedo et al 2007; Gillespie 2005; Gillespie et al 2008; Zhang and Maddison 2012), a pattern consistent across taxa, islands and archipelagos including the Caribbean (Alayon 2006; Cosgrove et al 2016; Crews and Gillespie 2010; Dziki et al 2015; Esposito et al 2015; McHugh et al 2014; Zhang and Maddison 2012). This pattern is also found in many other invertebrates, and in vertebrates and plants (Ricklefs and Birmingham 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Phylogeography of a good Caribbean disperser: Argiope argentata (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new ‘cryptic’ species from Cuba

Agnarsson¹,

LeQuier²,

Kuntner³

et al. 2016

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The Caribbean islands harbor rich biodiversity with high levels of single island endemism. Stretches of ocean between islands represent significant barriers to gene-flow. Yet some native species are widespread, indicating dispersal across oceans, even in wingless organisms like spiders. Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) is a large, charismatic, and widespread species of orb-weaving spider ranging from the United States to Argentina and is well known to balloon. Here we explore the phylogeography of Argiope argentata in the Caribbean as a part of the multi-lineage CarBio project, through mtDNA haplotype and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. The history of the Argiope argentata lineage in the Caribbean goes back 3-5 million years and is characterized by multiple dispersal events and isolation-by-distance. We find a highly genetically distinct lineage on Cuba which we describe as Argiope butchko sp. n. While the argentata lineage seems to readily balloon shorter distances, stretches of ocean still act as filters for among-island gene-flow as evidenced by distinct haplotypes on the more isolated islands, high FST values, and strong correlation between intraspecific (but not interspecific) genetic and geographic distances. The new species described here is clearly genetically diagnosable, but morphologically cryptic, at least with reference to the genitalia that typically diagnose spider species. Our results are consistent with the intermediate dispersal model suggesting that good dispersers, such as our study species, limit the effect of oceanic barriers and thus diversification and endemism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Phylogeography of a good Caribbean disperser: Argiope argentata (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new ‘cryptic’ species from Cuba

Agnarsson¹,

LeQuier²,

Kuntner³

et al. 2016

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“…Heterophrynus longicornis and D. medius have 2n 5 66 and 70 chromosomes with homomorphic sex chromosomes (Vitková et al 2005;PaulaNeto et al 2013). Most recently, Amblypygi have been instrumental in understanding the biogeography of Caribbean islands (Esposito et al 2015). Research on Phrynus sp.…”

Section: Chapin and Hebets-amblypygi Behavioral Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on Phrynus sp. from Puerto Rico and surrounding islands revealed exceptional levels of endemism at island, geologic region, and cave scales, thereby presenting a multilevel model for phylogeography (Esposito et al 2015). How behavioral variation might be both impacted by, or contribute to, genetic isolation has yet to be investigated.…”

Section: Chapin and Hebets-amblypygi Behavioral Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavioral ecology of amblypygids

Chapin¹,

Hebets

2016

Journal of Arachnology

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Island biogeography and ecological modeling of the amblypygid Phrynus marginemaculatus in the Florida Keys archipelago

Chapin

Winkler

Wiencek

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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AimThe biogeography of terrestrial organisms across the Florida Keys archipelago is poorly understood. We used population genetics and spatioecological modeling of the Amblypygi Phrynus marginemaculatus to understand the genetic structure and metapopulation dynamics of Keys populations that are otherwise isolated by human development and ocean.LocationThe Florida Keys archipelago and mainland Florida.MethodsWe sequenced a 1,238 bp fragment of mtDNA for 103 individuals of P. marginemaculatus from 13 sites in the Florida Keys and South Florida, binned into four regions. We used population genetic analyses to understand the population structure of the species throughout its US range. Furthermore, we used ecological modeling with climate, habitat, and human development data to develop habitat suitability estimates for the species.ResultsWe found clear genetic structure between localities. The Lower Keys, in particular, support populations separate from those in other regions studied. Ecological modeling and genetic analyses showed the highest habitat suitability and genetic isolation in the Lower Keys, but urban development across the species range has resulted in the loss of most historical habitat.Main conclusionsA mainland‐metapopulation model best fits P. marginemaculatus gene flow patterns in the Florida Keys and mainland. Ocean currents likely play a role in metapopulation dynamics and gene flow for terrestrial Keys species like P. marginemaculatus, and genetic patterns also matched patterns consistent with geologic history. Suitable habitat, however, is limited and under threat of human destruction. The few remaining pockets of the most suitable habitat tend to occur in parks and protected areas. We argue that conservation efforts for this species and others in the terrestrial Florida Keys would benefit from a deeper understanding of the population genetic structure and ecology of the archipelago.

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Islands within islands: Diversification of tailless whip spiders (Amblypygi, Phrynus) in Caribbean caves

Cited by 51 publications

References 59 publications

Phylogeography of a good Caribbean disperser: Argiope argentata (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new ‘cryptic’ species from Cuba

Phylogeography of a good Caribbean disperser: Argiope argentata (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new ‘cryptic’ species from Cuba

The behavioral ecology of amblypygids

Island biogeography and ecological modeling of the amblypygid Phrynus marginemaculatus in the Florida Keys archipelago

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