Islet Cell Antibodies in Individuals at Increased Risk for IDDM

Abstract

Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA), islet cell surface ( ICSA ) antibodies, HLA phenotypes, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were studied in 16 twins of insulin-dependent diabetics as well as in 21 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). 60% of the identical twins and 40% of the non-identical twins were ICSA -positive. The prevalence of ICSA in control persons was only 5%. ICA were found in all identical twins and in half of the non-identical twins. However, ICSA and ICA results were concordant in only 46% of the whole group of twins. There was no correlation between ICSA and either insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity. In the IGT subjects exhibiting low and normal insulin responses ICSA were observed in 67% and 23%, respectively. A high proportion of twins, but not of IGT subjects, had HLA DR3 or DR4 antigens which seem to confer genetic susceptibility to the development of IDDM. In the majority of DR3/DR4 twins, ICSA were also present. This might support the hypothesis of genetically-based autoimmunity, although the precise relationship between HLA and islet cell antibodies has to be clarified in a prospective study.

Islet Cell Surface Antibodies (ICSA) in Subjects with a Previous Mumps Infection - a Prospective Study over a 4 Year Period

“…This initially high percentage is worthy of note. A similar percentage of ICSA was found in newly diagnosed Type-I diabetics (Michaelis et al, 1982) and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and low insulin response (67%; Schulz et al, 1983) using the same method.…”

Complement-Mediated Cytotoxic Effects of Islet Cell Surface Antibodies in Non-Diabetic Subjects with Antecedent Mumps Infection and Diabetic Risk

“…According to our method, we found a prevalence of ICSA of about. 5% in healthy control subjects (Schulz et al, 1984). Several authors have reported that ICSA from serum of insulin-dependent diabetic patients can block insulin biosynthesis, glucose stimulated insulin response in vitro and mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against rodent or human islet cells (Soderstrum et aL, 1979;Dobersen et al, 1980;Kanatsuna et aL, 1981;Kaiatsuna et' aL, 1983).…”

Früherkennung des Typ-I-Diabetes: Grenzen, Möglichkeiten und Perspektiven

“…Weitere inselspezifische Autoantikörper (Tabelle 4) besitzen zur Zeit keine große Bedeutung als prädiktive Marker für die Früherkennung des Typ-I-Diabetes, weil bei den verwendeten Testsystemen die Anzahl der positiven Resultate auch in Personengruppen ohne erhöhtes Risiko für einen Typ-I-Diabetes relativ hoch liegt (38). Anderen organspezifischen Antikörpern wird aufgrund ihres seltenen Vorkommens (3-15%) bei Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes ( 13) allenfalls eine unterstützende Rolle in der Beurteilung des Diabetesrisikos zukommen können.…”