“Isms” in information science: constructivism, collectivism and constructionism

Talja, Sanna; Tuominen, Kimmo; Savolainen, Reijo

doi:10.1108/00220410510578023

Cited by 245 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In other words, reality cannot be discovered; it does not exist prior to its social invention. Knowledge is a human product, and is socially and culturally constructed (Talja et al 2005). Social constructivists are critical of the objectivity/subjectivity concept, instead focusing on the intersubjectivity of social meanings.…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focusing on practices rather than behaviour means that the analysis shifts from the cognitive to the social and is consistent with the study of information seekers in their social context ' (2007, p. 122). Thus, social constructivism emphasises the significance of culture and context in understanding what occurs in society and constructing knowledge founded on this understanding (Hjørland and Albrechtsen 1995;Talja et al 2005). …”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social constructivists contend that reality is constructed through human activity. Members of a society together invent the properties of the world (Hjørland and Albrechtsen 1995;Talja et al 2005;Olsson 2013). In other words, reality cannot be discovered; it does not exist prior to its social invention.…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Journalism, the pressures of verification and notions of post-truth in civil society

Martin

2017

CCS Journal

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‘Post-truth’ was not a new concept when it was selected as the international word of the year (2016) by Oxford Dictionaries. In the context of communications research, scholars were discussing journalism in the ‘post-factual’ age some thirty years ago (Ettema 1987). In the digital era, journalistic practice itself has changed; stories are generated by a multiplicity of actors in a participative and interactive way. This paper contemplates the nature of journalists’ information practices in the 21st century and relates these to the roles of information and social media in civil society. The methodology draws on the findings of pilot research studies investigating journalists’ information practices in the digital realm (Martin 2014; 2015) and investigates the pressures of verification. The author posits that that we are ostensibly living in a ‘post-truth’ society largely due to the impact of changes in the news milieu in the digital age. With so many diverse voices in the mix, it is increasingly difficult for citizens to separate fact from fiction; journalists thus have a role as verifiers. It is crucial for information consumers (citizenry) to have the requisite skills and knowledge to critically evaluate media content and deal with information and communication overload.

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Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Journalism, the pressures of verification and notions of post-truth in civil society

Martin

2017

CCS Journal

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“…As Moscovici recognizes the mediating force of language so do Talja et al (2005). According to these authors, the constructionist metatheory evokes language and mediation driving components to contemporary studies on information retrieval and knowledge organization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Constructionist Theory perceives the language as having a significant role in the social construction of "meaning" through the notions of discourse, utterances and vocabularies. Within this theory, the concept of cognition is replaced by conversations; and a conversation is recognized as a sine qua non condition for the constitution of the social world, knowledge, and identities (Talja et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Elements of social representation theory incollaborative tagging systems

et al. 2014

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This article discusses the information representation process based on the Moscovici's Social Representation Theory and domain analysis in Information Science. The aim was to identify mechanisms and constituent dimensions of social representation in collaborative tagging systems/social bookmarking systems. Scientific knowledge was defined as the object/phenomenon of representation in these systems; and the tag as the shareable structure of meaning that connects participants and resources. The empirical research involved descriptive statistical techniques applied to a corpora of tags available in CiteULike, which is a social tagging system developed for the academic community. The data analysis, performed in a sample of groups derived from the dataset, showed that the users' reuse of their own tags resembles the anchorage mechanism. The reuse of tags by other participants -in the same group -reveals some evidence of the objectification mechanism. Some speculation arose about the cognitive effort made by the individual, under group influence, with regard to the tagging activity, user's choice of resources, and sharing styles. Further studies on social bookmarking systems depend both on a "gain scale" of users and items tagged, requiring techniques and procedures redesigned by Information Science, Statistics, Network Analysis, Linguistics/Sociolinguistics and Social Psychology. Resumo O artigo discute um recorte na temática de representação da informação explorando a Teoria das Representações Sociais e a abordagem da análise de domínio da Ciência da Informação. Teve como objetivo geral identificar mecanismos e dimensões constituintes da representação social em grupos de participantes de sistemas de colaborativos de marcação (ou sistemas de marcação social). Definiu--se o conhecimento científico como objeto/fenômeno de representação em tais sistemas; delimitou-se a tag/marcação como unidade de registro e de significado; e se considerou os usuários, o conjunto total de tags, e os itens marcados como unidade de contexto. A pesquisa empírica envolveu técnicas de estatística descritiva aplicada à corpora de tags disponíveis em datasets do

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