Isn’t It All About Victimization? (Intra)cultural Pressure and Cutural Betrayal Trauma in Ethnic Minority College Women

Abstract

Cultural betrayal trauma theory proposes that intraracial trauma in ethnic minority populations includes a cultural betrayal that contributes to outcomes, such as symptoms of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder; posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS]), dissociation, and (intra)cultural pressure. Participants ( n = 179) were ethnic minority female college students, who completed online questionnaires. The results revealed that when controlling for age, ethnicity, and interracial trauma, intraracial trauma and (intra)cultural pressure affected PTSS and dissociation. There were also indirect effects of cultural betrayal trauma on outcomes through (intra)cultural pressure. The current study can contribute to clinical interventions that address trauma-related mental health in ethnic minority college women.

Group dynamics as a predictor of dissociation for Black victims of violence: An exploratory study of cultural betrayal trauma theory

“…Given the increased risk for violence victimization (e.g., West, 2012) and the importance of context in understanding trauma-related outcomes (e.g., Bryant-Davis, 2005), Go´mez (2012Go´mez ( , 2015aGo´mez ( , 2015cGo´mez ( , 2016aGo´mez ( , 2017aGo´mez ( , 2017bGo´mez ( , 2018aGo´mez ( , 2018bGo´mez ( , 2019b has been developing cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) as a way of examining the impact of violence victimization and societal trauma (e.g., discrimination) on diverse outcomes of trauma, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and internalized prejudice. Utilizing the Bronfenbrenner (1979) ecological systems model (Figure 1), according to CBTT (e.g., Go´mez, 2018b), part of the harm of within-group violence in minority populations can be traced back to the context of inequality ( Figure 2).…”

“…Utilizing the Bronfenbrenner (1979) ecological systems model (Figure 1), according to CBTT (e.g., Go´mez, 2018b), part of the harm of within-group violence in minority populations can be traced back to the context of inequality ( Figure 2). Go´mez (2018a) proposes that some minorities develop (intra)cultural trust -connection, attachment, and dependence, similar to racial loyalty (Tillman, Bryant-Davis, Smith, & Marks, 2010) -as a way to protect themselves and each other from discrimination and other forms of societal trauma. According to CBTT, within-group violence in minority populations is an implicit violation of this (intra)cultural trust, a cultural betrayal, that impacts trauma outcomes (Table 1).…”

Validation and Construct Validity of the Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire in a Sample of Trauma‐Exposed Black Women

“…To examine basic descriptive statistics, we used SPSS (Version 26). To establish the factor structure of the PABQ, we used CFA to test the originally identified seven-factor model in Mplus (Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2018. In addition to this model, we also ran a unidimensional model to ensure that the multidimensionality was justified and a higher-order model to test whether the lower-order dimensions could be accounted for by a higher-order Avoidance factor.…”

Advancing Theory, Methods, and Dissemination in Sexual Violence Research to Build a More Equitable Future: An Intersectional, Community-Engaged Approach

“…As a result of the intersectional invisibility (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) created by our work, to date, most sexual violence response systems and prevention strategies are best suited for White, middle-class, heterosexual, cisgender women and fail to address the needs and concerns of those that do not fit within this identity box. Intersectionality theory requires consideration of the many intertwined social identity groups to which one belongs because (a) the understanding of one social identity (e.g., gender) is dependent on the other social identities that one holds (e.g., sexual identity, race, social class; Bowleg, Huang, Brooks, Black, & Burkholder, 2003); (b) identity combinations create unique social locations that hold unique meanings in society (Case, 2017; Cole, 2009; Settles & Buchanan, 2014); (c) the identity combinations and their social meanings create experiences of marginalization that can be uniquely expressed (e.g., racialized sexual harassment; Buchanan & Ormerod, 2002; Buchanan, Settles, Wu, & Hayashino, 2018) and experienced (Bryant-Davis, Chung, Tillman, & Belcourt, 2009; Gomez, 2019; Loya, 2014); and (d) these experiences reflect layers of oppression that are experienced simultaneously (Settles & Buchanan, 2014) and place individuals at differing levels of risk for a variety of types of victimization and increased frequency of victimization (i.e., double/multiple jeopardy; Beal, 1970; Bowleg et al, 2003). Perhaps most important, intersectionality theory demands that social justice be the foundation of all we do as practitioners, scholars, and activists (Buchanan & Wiklund, in press; Moradi & Grzanka, 2017; Rosenthal, 2016).…”