Iso-branched 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids as characteristic lipid constituents of some gliding bacteria

Fautz, Erich; Rosenfelder, Günter; Grotjahn, Lutz

doi:10.1128/jb.140.3.852-858.1979

Cited by 65 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All of our experimental data supports the acid 9-methyl-ll-hexadecenoic (5) which, to the best of our knowledge, is unprecedented in nature. The other C17:1 fatty acid (1.0%) turned out to be 15-methyl-ll-hexadecenoic (4), a new fatty acid for marine sponges but known in several bacteria (7). The latter acid was again readily characterized by means of mass spectrometry of the corresponding pyrrolidide since it also presented a 12-amu difference between fragments at m/z 224 and m/z 236 supporting hl 1 unsaturation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

New phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean spongeEctyoplasia ferox

Carbelleira

Maldonado

1989

Lipids

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The phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean sponge Ectyoplasia ferox were studied. The novel fatty acids 25-methyl-5,9-heptacosadienoic (1) and 26-methyl-5,9-heptacosadienoic (2) were identified in 3.4 and 2.0% abundance, respectively, representing the longest set of delta 5,9 iso and anteiso acids yet isolated from a marine sponge. The new acid 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoic (3), the unusual acid 15-methyl-11-hexadecenoic (4) and the also novel acid 9-methyl-11-hexadecenoic (5) were also identified in E. ferox. The principal sterols isolated from E. ferox were 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3 beta-ol (46%) and 24(R)-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol (14%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

New phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean spongeEctyoplasia ferox

Carbelleira

Maldonado

1989

Lipids

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“…Gliding Bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter group were also described to contain mainly iso-branched and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids (i.e. Cytophaga; Fautz et al, 1979). This group of Bacteria is generally important in soils and other terrestrial environments, but is also described to be present at cold seep and hydrothermal vent sites (Teske et al, 2000;Nercessian et al, 2005).…”

Section: Bacteria In the Massive Sulfidementioning

confidence: 93%

Biosignatures present in a hydrothermal massive sulfide from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge

Blumenberg¹,

Seifert²,

Petersen

et al. 2007

Geobiology

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Mid‐ocean spreading and accompanying hydrothermal activities result in huge areas with exposure of minerals rich in reduced chemicals – basaltic and peridotitic rocks as well as metal sulfide precipitates – to the oxygenated seawater. Oxidation of Fe and S present in these rocks provides an extensive long‐term source of energy to lithotrophs. Investigation of lipid biomarkers and their carbon isotope ratios from a massive iron sulfide of an inactive sulfide mound or inactive chimney sampled at the western flank of the Turtle‐Pits hydrothermal field (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 5°S) revealed a unique lipid distribution. The bacterial fauna appears to be dominated by chemolithotrophs with a distinct lipid composition mainly comprising of iso‐branched fatty acids and nonisoprenoidal dialkyl glycerol diethers partially including the very rare macrocyclic cores with 30–35 carbon atoms (including 13,16‐dimethyloctacosane and 5,13,16‐trimethyloctacosane). The Bacteria are accompanied by most likely hydrogen/CO2‐dependent methanogenic Archaea (e.g. Methanococcus) as well as other Archaea with a different life style (e.g. Ferroplasma). Alike some of the bacterial lipids the archaeal lipids predominantly consist of macrocyclic diethers including one C40 and one C41 isoprenoid. Structural homologues of the latter are so far only reported from a methanogenic archaeum and a Pleistocene sulfur deposit. Compound‐specific analyses of the stable isotope ratios revealed δ13C values for the majority of bacterial and archaeal lipid components of about 0‰ (vs. VPDB), indicative for chemolithoautotrophically fixed carbon which is, for distinct pathways, accompanied by only negligible fractionations. However, the presence of methanogenic Archaea is indicated by 13C‐depleted isoprenoidal lipids (δ13C ~ –50‰) characteristic for certain CO2‐reducing methanogens synthesizing lipids via acetyl CoA.

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“…Interestingly, phospholipid-derived 2-OH and 3-OH fatty acids were also present in T. lapsum. This is the first report of these components in thermophilic bacteria and is a distinguishing (unique) feature of T. [19,20]; monounsaturated fatty acids were abundant in several species [21,22], and, in one report, high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected [23]. The PLFA profile of T.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…lapsum is therefore similar to characterized Flexibacter species [19,20]. It is known that the flexibacteria do not form a phylogenetically coherent grouping within the CFB phylum and further Table 2 Fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Thermonema lapsum work on the PLFA of the genus is required to relate the taxonomic standing of these members to the CFB phylum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogeny and lipid composition of Thermonema lapsum, a thermophilic gliding bacterium

Patel¹

1994

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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1,490 nucleotides of the 16S rRNA gene of a Gram-negative, thermophilic and gliding bacterium, Thermonema lapsum, have been sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that T. lapsum is related to cytophaga-flavobacteria-bacteroides (CFB) and is confirmed by the identification signature nucleotides that define this group. Further phylogenetic analysis indicates that T. lapsum forms the deepest branch in the CFB group; this observation was confirmed by the identification of unique nucleotide and nucleotide pairs which separate T. lapsum from all other members of this group. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile also confirmed that T. lapsum is related to the cytophaga-flavobacteria-bacteroides group and also to selected members of the genus Flexibacter; the PLFA profile is unique to T. lapsum.

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Iso-branched 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids as characteristic lipid constituents of some gliding bacteria

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

New phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean spongeEctyoplasia ferox

New phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean spongeEctyoplasia ferox

Biosignatures present in a hydrothermal massive sulfide from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge

Phylogeny and lipid composition of Thermonema lapsum, a thermophilic gliding bacterium

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