Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the quaternary reactive system: Ethanol+water+ethyl lactate+lactic acid at 101.33kPa

Ethyl lactate production via esterification of lactic acid with ethanol combined with pervaporation

“…As it was pointed out by Benedict et al [9] ethyl lactate could be easily removed from the pervaporation retentate by distillation since ethanol and ethyl lactate do not form a zoetrope [9,16]. The continuous lines in Figs.…”

“…This expression was obtained by correlating the kinetic data previously reported by our work group using Amberlyst 15 as catalyst [4], and calculating the activity coefficients with the UNIQUAC parameters obtained in the study of the phase equilibrium of this esterification system [16]. The expression for the reaction equilibrium constant was obtained from previous work [16] by using kinetic data [4] and phase equilibrium data [16]:…”

“…The expression for the reaction equilibrium constant was obtained from previous work [16] by using kinetic data [4] and phase equilibrium data [16]:…”

Phase and chemical equilibria in multicomponent fluid systems with a chemical reaction

“…Experimental data on the vapour ± liquid equilibrium (115 chemical equilibrium compositions) for the system with the reaction of formation of ethyl lactate at 101.33 kPa were obtained by Delgado et al 63 The experimental data were correlated using the UNI-QUAC model, and activity coefficients were calculated. The dependence of the chemical equilibrium constant on temperature was analyzed.…”

“…The presence or absence of a reactive azeotrope in particular systems was discussed in several studies. 42,62,63 The patterns of curves of combined reactive mass-transfer processes on the chemical equilibrium surfaces was also presented in some publications. 28,42,43,47 The problem of relative arrangement of chemical and phase equilibrium surfaces in the concentration space, which was mentioned in Section II, has a clear practical significance when phase-separated reaction mixtures are considered.…”