Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria of ternary lead-tin-antimony alloy system at 2 Pa

Xu, Junjie; Gao, Jian; Kong, Lingxin; Xu, Baoqiang; Yang, Bin; Liu, D.

doi:10.2298/jmmb190529026x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The pyrometallurgical process for refining lead bullion includes the oxidation refining process and basic refining process, which both are based on the principle that antimony is oxidized more easily than lead therefore alloys containing lead and antimony can be separated pyrometallurgically, due to their vapor pressure difference [15]. J. Xu et al [16] determined the activities of the components of Pb-Sn-Sb ternary alloy by equilibrium test to 2 Pa and temperatures in the range from 1023 to 1223 K. The experimental vapor-liquid equilibria data of the ternary alloy was calculated with the Wilson equation and predicted values match reasonably with the experimental results. The proposed study is of great significance to the experimental design that involves vacuum distillation processes, specifically for the Pb-Sb-Sn recycling alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation

Jiménez-Lugos

Sánchez-Alvarado

Cruz-Ramírez

et al. 2022

J min metall B Metall

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Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected to 750?C and a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC to 1000?C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide is reduced by the C present in reagents while silicon and sodium form a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The antimony and slag produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 leading the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag may indicate a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since it promotes the Na2Sb4O7 compound in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%