Isochoric (p, Vm, T) measurements on CO2 and on (0.982CO2 + 0.018N2) from 250 to 330 K at pressures to 35 MPa

Ely, James F.; Haynes, W.M.; Bain, B.C

doi:10.1016/0021-9614(89)90036-0

Cited by 128 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, if χ > 0.84, then the solute is soluble in scCO2 [24]. A plot of calculated δ CO2 versus pressure, using an equation of state [21,22], is shown in Figure 2. The calculations were carried out by us.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Behavior Of the Reacting Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solubility parameter of CO 2 (δ CO2(T,P) ) was taken from the literature [20][21][22], and its molar volume (V CO2(T,P) ) was calculated using an equation of state [21,22]. The solubility parameters for HEMA (25 (J/cm 3 ) 1/2 ) and Krytox (6.02 (J/cm 3 ) 1/2 ), were taken from the literature [20,23].…”

Section: Estimation Of M C From the Flory-rehner Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2017

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Abstract:There is a debate in the literature on whether or not polymer networks synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) processes, such as reversible addition-fragmentation radical transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers, are less heterogeneous than those synthesized by conventional free radical copolymerization (FRP). In this contribution, the syntheses by FRP and RAFT of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ), using Krytox 157 FSL as the dispersing agent, and the properties of the materials produced, are compared. The materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), swelling index (SI), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Studies on ciprofloxacin loading and release rate from hydrogels were also carried out. The combined results show that the hydrogels synthesized by FRP and RAFT are significantly different, with apparently less heterogeneity present in the materials synthesized by RAFT copolymerization. A ratio of experimental (Mc exp ) to theoretical (Mc theo ) molecular weight between crosslinks was established as a quantitative tool to assess the degree of heterogeneity of a polymer network.

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Section: Thermodynamic Behavior Of the Reacting Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of M C From the Flory-rehner Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2017

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“…(36) The first temperature value given above each diagram corresponds to our measurements, and the temperature range written in parentheses covers the results of the other experimentalists. A summary of the selected sets of measurements (5,(7)(8)(9) (2) •, this work; , Michels and Michels; (37) , Michels et al; (38) ∇, Reamer et al; (40) I , Vukalovich and Altunin; (41) ·, Vukalovich and Altunin; (42) I, Vukalovich et al; (43) , Golovskii and Tsymarnyi; (46) +, Kirillin et al; (47) · , Kirillin et al; (50) · , Popov and Sayapov et al; (51) · , Vukalovich et al; (52) , Schönmann; (53) ×, Kholodov et al; (54) •, Kholodov et al; (55) , Lau; (57) £, Esper; (58) , Holste et al; (59) , Jaeschke (60) (optical measurements); , Jaeschke (61) (Burnett measurements); , Ely et al; (62) , Duschek et al; (5) , Gilgen et al; (7) (54) 1972 141 293 to 363 0.5 to 4.8 0.14 to 0.16 Kholodov et al (55) 1972 85 243 to 283 0.5 to 4.4 0.14 to 0.16 Levelt Sengers and Chen (56) 1972 22 304 to 319 7.4 to 10…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the low temperature range, e.g. at T ≈ 260 K and p > 10 MPa, the measurements of six experimental groups (46,(50)(51)(52)57,62) show deviations from the new values of up to about |1 · 10 −3 · ρ|, but they are within the uncertainty of these measurements of |(1 to 1.5) · 10 −3 · ρ|. At T ≈ 323 K and p 13 MPa, in particular the measurements of Jaeschke (60) and Lau (57) mostly agree within the uncertainty of |5 · 10 −4 · ρ| and |10 · 10 −4 · ρ|, respectively, with our results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lau (57) 1986 69 240 to 350 1.6 to 70 0.1 Esper (58) 1987 73 246 to 320 0.1 to 48 0.03 to 0.11 Holste et al (59) 1987 236 215 to 448 0.1 to 50 0.05 Jaeschke (60) 1987 245 260 to 360 0.2 to 29 0.05 b Jaeschke (61) 1987 27 273 to 353 0.2 to 30 0.1 b Ely et al (62) 1989 61 250 to 330 2.2 to 36 0.1 to 0.15 b Hoinkis (63) 1989 186 298 to 423 0.2 to 58 0.16 Jaeschke et al (64) 1990 …”

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confidence: 97%

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Measurements of the(p,ρ,T) relation of methane and carbon dioxide in the temperature range 240 K to 520 K at pressures up to 30 MPa using a new accurate single-sinker densimeter

Klimeck

Kleinrahm

Wagner

2001

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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The femtosecond birefringence of CO2: from the high pressure gas to the liquid phase

Zhou

Constantine

Harrel

et al. 2000

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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The optical heterodyne detected (OHD) birefringence of CO2 gas in the reduced density range from ρ/ρc = 0.09–0.82 and in the room temperature liquid are reported. Each birefringent response is separated into an electronic, rotational diffusion and non‐diffusive nuclear component. The CO2 rotational relaxation times in the gas phase scale inversely with density in accordance with extended diffusion models of rotational reorientation. The rotational diffusion component of CO2 liquid (τD = 0.34 ps) appears to obey Debye–Stokes–Einstein behavior. The non‐diffusive nuclear responses of the vapor samples exhibit only very modest changes with density and closely resemble the response function of the classical linear free rotor. The dominant, but not exclusive, contribution to the decay of the Raman anisotropy of high‐pressure CO2 gas is inertial motion. The spectral density of the non‐diffusive nuclear response of liquid CO2 is broader and has higher frequency components than the corresponding gas‐phase spectral densities, indicating the relative importance of interaction induced effects. The greater extent of collision‐induced effects is clearly evident for CS2 liquid compared with liquid CO2 when the spectral densities of the non‐diffusive nuclear responses of liquid CO2 and CS2 are compared as a function of reduced frequency. Inertial motion clearly makes a much larger contribution to the birefringence of liquid CO2 than to that of liquid CS2 (at room temperature). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Isochoric (p, Vm, T) measurements on CO2 and on (0.982CO2 + 0.018N2) from 250 to 330 K at pressures to 35 MPa

Cited by 128 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Measurements of the(p,ρ,T) relation of methane and carbon dioxide in the temperature range 240 K to 520 K at pressures up to 30 MPa using a new accurate single-sinker densimeter

The femtosecond birefringence of CO2: from the high pressure gas to the liquid phase

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