Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal

Azam, Muhammad; Ashraf, Asma; Jahromy, Saman Setoodeh; Raza, Waseem; Khalid, Hassan; Raza, Nadeem; Winter, Franz

doi:10.1002/ese3.778

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the kinetic analysis of the curing reactions for the PR mix with the PRB and Itmann coal, two common iso-conversional methods were used in estimating the activation energy of the conversion process: the Friedman differential method (FM) and the Kissinger−Akahira− Sunose (KAS) integral method. 18 The activation energy is useful in comparing the chemical reactivity if several reactions occur within the sample. The details of both methods are provided in the Supporting Information for review, with eqs 1 and 2 displaying the final equations for the FM and KAS methods, respectively.…”

Section: Activation Energy Calculations Applying the Friedman Differe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Curing Kinetics of Coal-Based Phenolic Resin Composites Using Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Analyses

Chukwuka,

Almanza,

Daramola

2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenolic-coal composites are a potential class of thermosetting composites that could offer enhanced thermal stability due to the similarity in the aromatic macromolecular structures of the filler and polymer. Evaluating the curing kinetics of the composite can provide insight into the dynamics of bond formation in this composite during heat curing. In this work, the curing kinetics of phenolic resin and coal mixes were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate the interaction between the coal filler and the polymer network and correlate the coal structure and composite processing. The two ranks of coal studied were sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin) and bituminous coal (Itmann) at filler weight percentages of 10 and 40% weight content, respectively. Isoconversional analyses indicated that the 60% phenolic-PRB mix had the highest activation energy: 142 ± 8 kJ/mol, while the 60% phenolic-Itmann mix yielded the lowest range of activation energy values: 85 ± 5 kJ/mol. In comparison, the pure phenolic resin has activation energies in the range 128–135 kJ/mol. The difference in curing activation energy and postcured vibrational spectroscopy between the composite systems could be attributed to the more reactive functional end groups present in the PRB coal. The higher level of interaction observed in the sub-bituminous coal and phenolic mix confirms enhanced polymeric behavior. These overall results suggest possible varied end properties of cured phenolic resins tailored for different applications based on the choice of coal ranks as fillers.

show abstract

Section: Activation Energy Calculations Applying the Friedman Differe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Curing Kinetics of Coal-Based Phenolic Resin Composites Using Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Analyses

Chukwuka,

Almanza,

Daramola

2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combustion behavior, kinetics, and thermodynamics of fine screenings classified from Chinese MSW were explored by TG-FTIR (Tian et al 2022). Kinetic analysis of the co-firing of MSW and lowrank coal from Pakistan was investigated by Azam et al (2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive experimental study of municipal solid waste (MSW) as solid biofuel and as composite solid fuel in blends with lignite: quality characteristics, environmental impact, modeling, and energy cover

Vasileiadou

Zoras

Dimoudi

2023

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, coal power plants across Europe have been reopened. Alternative fuels are needed for energy autonomy purposes, for a smoother transition to the post-lignite era and for sustainable development. In this work, different categories of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and their blends with lignite were studied for their potential use as alternative fuels. Seventeen samples were studied using several techniques: gross calorific value (GCV), proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, ion chromatography, ash elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, kinetic modeling and thermodynamic analysis. A determination of empirical chemical formulas was performed. Slagging/fouling potential was evaluated with various indices including modified indices that take into account ash production and GCV. Maximum emission factors were calculated and defined per produced MJ. Also, an environmental footprint index was developed regarding the environmental impact of solid wastes. The GCV experimental results were compared with those of twenty different empirical models. Moreover, several case studies were performed to evaluate the potential of covering the energy demands, with combustion of MSW, in Greece and Europe. The results showed that MSW as a primary/secondary fuel is an attractive solution considering the fact that it boasts better characteristics in comparison with lignite. Moreover, the environmental footprint index (EFIsw) of the MSW revealed a much smaller environmental impact. The high N content is not always translated to high emissions if NO is expressed per produced MJ (gNO/MJ). In addition, MSW can also be used as a significant contributor in covering energy demands regarding the energy recovery potential. Graphical abstract

show abstract

“…The most suitable model is then used to determine the single kinetic parameters for an overall process. These methods have several drawbacks, such as the inability to uniquely select the appropriate reaction model that poses inaccurate estimation (Azam et al, 2020), and not capable to represent the multi-step kinetics and complexity of solidstate reaction (Slopiecka et al, 2012;Heydari et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these methods, the kinetic parameters were determined from various thermogravimetric curves at minimum three different heating rates having the same value of conversion. Moreover, the activation energy can be estimated in a wide range of temperatures and conversions (Azam et al, 2020). Therefore, the model-free methods are sometimes also known as the isoconversional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst

Wibowo

Cahyono

Rochmadi

et al. 2021

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thermogravimetric behaviors and the kinetic parameters of uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis processes of a mixture of powdered raw rice husk (RRH) and its ash (RHA) in the form of pellets were determined by thermogravimetric analysis at three different heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, and 20 K/min, from 303 to 873 K. This research aimed to prove that the rice husk ash has a catalytic effect on rice husk pyrolysis. To investigate the catalytic effect of RHA, rice husk pellets (RHP) with the weight ratio of RRH:ARH of 10:2 were used as the sample. Model-free methods, namely Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), were used to calculate the apparent energy of activation ( ). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the decomposition of RHP in a nitrogen atmosphere could be divided into three stages: drying stage (303-443 K), the rapid decomposition stage (443-703 K), and the slow decomposition stage (703-873 K). The weight loss percentages of each stage for both uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis of RHP were 2.4-5.7%, 35.5-59.4%, and 2.9-12.2%, respectively. Using the FR, FWO, and KAS methods, the values of for the degrees of conversion (a) of 0.1 to 0.65 were in the range of 168-256 kJ/mol for the uncatalyzed pyrolysis and 97-204 kJ/mol for the catalyzed one. We found that the catalyzed pyrolysis led the to have values lower than those got by the uncatalyzed one. This phenomenon might prove that RHA has a catalytic effect on RHP pyrolysis by lowering the energy of activation.

show abstract

Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 23 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluating the Curing Kinetics of Coal-Based Phenolic Resin Composites Using Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Analyses

Evaluating the Curing Kinetics of Coal-Based Phenolic Resin Composites Using Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Analyses

A comprehensive experimental study of municipal solid waste (MSW) as solid biofuel and as composite solid fuel in blends with lignite: quality characteristics, environmental impact, modeling, and energy cover

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About