Isoelectric Point Determination of Norovirus Virus-like Particles by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing with Whole Column Imaging Detection

Goodridge, Lawrence; Goodridge, T. Carolyn; Wu, Jiaqi; Griffiths, Mansel W.; Pawliszyn, Janusz

doi:10.1021/ac034848s

Cited by 84 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The isoelectric pH of NoVs ranges from 5.9 to 6.9 (Goodridge et al 2004). Karim et al (2009) reported that the NanoCeram filter efficiently recovered NoV within a pH range of 6.0 to 9.5.…”

Section: Although Both 1mds Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Lee

Kim

Paik

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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The virus adsorption-elution (VIRADEL) technique has been widely used in the recovery of various enteric viruses in water, and an electropositive filter such as 1 MDS has been commonly applied.However, effective methods of monitoring waterborne norovirus (NoV) have not yet been well characterized and optimized. Hence, in this study, the VIRADEL technique was evaluated and optimized for effectively detecting NoV in water by two commonly used electropositive filters (1MDS and NanoCeram filter). Various elution and concentration methods were evaluated by using both murine norovirus (MNV) and human NoV. Among the tested elution buffers, the most effective was 1.5% beef extract plus 0.01% Tween 80 for both 1MDS (67.5%) and NanoCeram (85.7%) microfilters. The recovery rate of GII-4 human NoV was higher by organic flocculation (86.6%) than by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitations (11.6~73.6%). When both 1MDS and NanoCeram filters were tested to detect NoV in surface and groundwater, the sensitivity of NoV recovered by these filters appeared to depend on the types and conditions of environmental water. The results of this study will help to set a standard of detection method for NoV in water.

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“…The isoelectric pH of NoVs ranges from 5.9 to 6.9 (Goodridge et al 2004). Karim et al (2009) reported that the NanoCeram filter efficiently recovered NoV within a pH range of 6.0 to 9.5.…”

Section: Although Both 1mds Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Lee

Kim

Paik

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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“…Also, certain porcine SaVs and NoVs are genetically and/or antigenically closely related to the human strains, suggesting the potential for zoonotic infections (40,58,59). Besides the porcine SaV Cowden strain being similar in size (28 to 35 nm) to NoV and having a surface charge range similar to that of NoV (isoelectric points of 5.36 and 5.9 to 6.9, respectively) (21,22), it has been shown recently that porcine SaV shares characteristics similar to those of human NoV, including resistance to low and high pH (42,57), heat (56°C), and chlorine treatments (57). However, unlike human NoV, porcine SaV is culturable, allowing quantification of infectious virus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalization of Sapovirus, a Surrogate for Norovirus, in Romaine Lettuce and the Effect of Lettuce Latex on Virus Infectivity

Esseili

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTNoroviruses are the leading cause of food-borne outbreaks, including those that involve lettuce. The culturable porcine sapovirus (SaV) was used as a norovirus surrogate to study the persistence and the potential transfer of the virus from roots to leaves and from outer to inner leaves of lettuce plants. Treatment of lettuce with SaV was done through the roots of young plants, the soil, or the outer leaves of mature plants. Sampling of roots, xylem sap, and inner and outer leaves followed by RNA extraction and SaV-specific real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed at 2 h and on postinoculation days (PID) 2, 5, 7, 14, and/or 28. When SaV was inoculated through the roots, viral RNA persisted on the roots and in the leaves until PID 28. When the virus was inoculated through the soil, viral RNA was detected on the roots and in the xylem sap until PID 14; viral RNA was detected in the leaves only until PID 2. No infectious virus was detected inside the leaves for either treatment. When SaV was inoculated through the outer leaves, viral RNA persisted on the leaves until PID 14; however, the virus did not transfer to inner leaves. Infectious viral particles on leaves were detected only at 2 h postinoculation. The milky sap (latex) of leaves, but not the roots' xylem sap, significantly decreased virus infectivity when testedin vitro. Collectively, our results showed the transfer of SaV from roots to leaves through the xylem system and the capacity of the sap of lettuce leaves to decrease virus infectivity in leaves.

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“…MNV-1 resistance to independent treatment with LEV or SDS was previously demonstrated with short contact times (Յ5 min) (21). The isoelectric points (pI) of human norovirus capsids are estimated to be between 5.5 and 6.0 for GI and GII norovirus (38), which is similar to the theoretical pI of the Norwalk virus major capsid protein (NCBI accession number M87661.2), estimated to be 5.64 using the ExPASy ProtParam tool (http://web.expasy.org/protparam). The pI of the MNV-1 capsid (NCBI accession number DQ285629.1) has not yet been empirically determined, but it is likely to be similar or slightly lower than the pI of Norwalk virus capsid, since the theoretical pI of the MNV-1 major capsid protein is 4.78 (ProtParam).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sanitizer Efficacy against Murine Norovirus, a Surrogate for Human Norovirus, on Stainless Steel Surfaces when Using Three Application Methods

Bolton

Kotwal

Harrison

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dHuman noroviruses are major etiologic agents of epidemic gastroenteritis. Outbreaks are often accompanied by contamination of environmental surfaces, but since these viruses cannot be routinely propagated in laboratory cultures, their response to surface disinfectants is predicted by using surrogates, such as murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1). This study compared the virucidal efficacies of various liquid treatments (three sanitizer liquids, 5% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS [LEV/SDS], 200 ppm chlorine, and an isopropanol-based quaternary ammonium compound [Alpet D2], and two control liquids, sterile tap water and sterile tap water plus 2% SDS) when delivered to MNV-1-inoculated stainless steel surfaces by conventional hydraulic or air-assisted, inductioncharged (AAIC) electrostatic spraying or by wiping with impregnated towelettes. For the spray treatments, LEV/SDS proved effective when applied with hydraulic and AAIC electrostatic spraying, providing virus reductions of 2.71 and 1.66 log PFU/ml, respectively. Alpet D2 provided a 2.23-log PFU/ml reduction with hydraulic spraying, outperforming chlorine (1.16-log PFU/ml reduction). Chlorine and LEV/SDS were equally effective as wipes, reducing the viral load by 7.05 log PFU/ml. Controls reduced the viral load by <1 log with spraying applications and by >3 log PFU/ml with wiping. Results indicated that both sanitizer type and application methods should be carefully considered when choosing a surface disinfectant to best prevent and control environmental contamination by noroviruses.

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Isoelectric Point Determination of Norovirus Virus-like Particles by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing with Whole Column Imaging Detection

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Internalization of Sapovirus, a Surrogate for Norovirus, in Romaine Lettuce and the Effect of Lettuce Latex on Virus Infectivity

Sanitizer Efficacy against Murine Norovirus, a Surrogate for Human Norovirus, on Stainless Steel Surfaces when Using Three Application Methods

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