Isoflavonoid biosynthesis in cultivated and wild soybeans grown in the field under adverse climate conditions

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Most previous studies have been focused on isoflavone profile with biological activities from soybean seed and its related products. However, in the present study, eighty-three flavonoid derivatives (55 flavonols, 9 flavones and 19 isoflavones) were comprehensively identified and quantified from young leaves of 21 core-collected soybean cultivars based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS). Among total flavonoids from soybean leaves (SLs), the abundant flavonols (83.6%) were primarily composed of di- and tri- glycosides combined to the aglycones (K, kaempferol; Q, quercetin; I, isorhamnetin). Particularly, K-rich SLs (yellow coated seed), Nongrim 51 (breeding line) and YJ208-1 (landrace) contained mainly kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-glucosyl-6″-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside and 3-O-(2″,6″-di-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside, and were expected to be superior cultivars by their higher flavonoids. Besides, the new tri-I-glycosides (soyanins I–V) were presented as predominant components in Junyeorikong (landrace, black). Thus, this study suggest that the SLs can be considered as valuable edible resources due to their rich flavonoids. Also, these detailed profiles will support breeding of superior varieties with excellent biological activities as well as relationship with seed anthocyanins production, and contribute to perform metabolomics approach to investigate the changes of SLs flavonols during the leaf growth and fermentation in further research.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive characterization of flavonoid derivatives in young leaves of core-collected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars based on high-resolution mass spectrometry

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

“…Soybean plants and seeds were used, as previously described [ 22 ]. Wild soybean ( Glycine soja Sieb.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conditions of cultivation were as follows: photoperiod, 16/8 h with illumination in the daytime 140 µmol m −2 s −1 ; temperature, 24/22 °C; humidity, 70%. For long-term analysis (90 days), plants were grown in the experimental field during three seasons as previously described [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the Russian variety (‘Sfera’) was chosen due to the climatic conditions in the risk zone (sudden changes in temperature and humidity with a predominance of low temperature and high humidity) in which both wild soybeans and this variety grow in the Russian Far East (43°48′ north latitude, 131°58′ east longitude). In our previous work, the Sfera variety was shown to be more productive in these growing conditions compared with the zoned varieties [ 22 ]. In the present study, the levels of abiotic stress tolerance of cultivated and wild soybeans and the role of CDPKs and ABA in these acclimation processes were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ABA-Dependent Regulation of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene GmCDPK5 in Cultivated and Wild Soybeans

Veremeichik

Brodovskaya

Grigorchuk

et al. 2022

Life

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) regulate plant development and stress responses. However, the interaction of these protein kinases with the abscisic acid (ABA) stress hormone signalling system has not been studied in detail. In Arabidopsis, AtCPK1 plays an important role in the acclimation of plants to environmental stresses. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed that, among 50 isoforms of Glycine max (L.) Merrill CDPKs, the GmCDPK27/GmCDPK48, GmCDPK5/GmCDPK24, and GmCDPK10/GmCDPK46 paralogous pairs were the isoforms most related to AtCDPK1. We investigated the expression of the corresponding six GmCDPKs genes during treatment with cold, heat, and salt stress. Wild soybean was the most resistant to stresses, and among the three cultivars studied (Sfera, Hodgson, and Hefeng25), Sfera was close to the wild type in terms of resistance. GmCDPK5 and GmCDPK10 were the most responsive to stress treatments, especially in wild soybean, compared with cultivars. Among the studied GmCDPK isoforms, only GmCDPK5 expression increased after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis of endogenous ABA levels showed that wild soybean and Sfera had nearly twice the ABA content of Hodgson and Hefeng25. An analysis of the expression of marker genes involved in ABA biosynthesis showed that GmNCED1-gene-encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 is induced to the greatest extent in wild soybean and Sfera under salt, cold, and heat exposure. Our data established a correlation between the induction of GmCDPK5 and ABA biosynthesis genes. GmCDPK5 is an interesting target for genetic and bioengineering purposes and can be used for genetic editing, overexpression, or as a marker gene in soybean varieties growing under unfavourable conditions.

“…Isoflavone synthase (IFS) leads flavanone to the isoflavone pathway [ 74 ] and appears to be able to use both naringenin and liquiritigenin as substrates to generate 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein and 2,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavanone, respectively [ 75 , 76 ]. These are further converted to isoflavone genistein and daidzein under the action of hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (HID) [ 77 ]. Liquiritigenin can also be first converted to 6,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone by F6H, and then to glycitein (an isoflavone) through the catalytic activities of IFS, HID, and isoflavanone O -methyl transferase (IOMT) [ 78 ].…”

Section: Flavonoid Biosynthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants

Liu

Yue

et al. 2021

IJMS

459

197

Flavonoids are an important class of secondary metabolites widely found in plants, contributing to plant growth and development and having prominent applications in food and medicine. The biosynthesis of flavonoids has long been the focus of intense research in plant biology. Flavonoids are derived from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, and have a basic structure that comprises a C15 benzene ring structure of C6-C3-C6. Over recent decades, a considerable number of studies have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. In this review, we systematically summarize the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. We further assemble an exhaustive map of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants comprising eight branches (stilbene, aurone, flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, phlobaphene, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin biosynthesis) and four important intermediate metabolites (chalcone, flavanone, dihydroflavonol, and leucoanthocyanidin). This review affords a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding flavonoid biosynthesis, and provides the theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathways involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which will aid in better understanding their functions and potential uses.