Isoflavonoid from Viola hondoensis, Regulates the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Abstract

Viola hondoensis (Violaceae) distributed in southern part of Korea. In traditional medicine, the herb has been used as an expectorant, a diuretic, and an antiinflammatory for bronchitis, rheumatism, skin eruptions, and eczema.1,2) Previous phytochemical studies on Viola species have revealed them to be a rich source of cyclotides [3][4][5] and several flavone glycosides.6,7) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endoproteinases that play pivotal roles in the dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrix. Based on substrate preference and structural homology, MMPs are sub-classified into functional groups: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane type-MMPs (MT-MMPs) and other non-classified MMPs.8) MMPs are frequently overexpressed by the various extracellular stimuli including growth factors, cytokines, tumor promoters, and ultraviolet (UV), and this increase in MMP-related activities may be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and inflammation as well as in physiologic processes. 9,10) It has been also reported that up-regulation of some MMPs is responsible for the enhanced degradation of dermal collagen during chronological and UV-induced skin aging. [11][12][13][14] Therefore, the regulation of MMP activity might be a potential strategy for prevention and/or treatment of UV-induced skin damage. Recently, Kim et al. reported the isolation of the styraxjaponoside B from the stem bark of Styrax japonica to regulate MMP-1 expression. 15) In this study, we investigated the effect of 2Ј,4Ј,7-trihydroxyisoflavone, Isoflavonoid from Viola hondoensis, on the expression of UV-induced MMP-1 and MMP-2 mRNA and protein in human skin fibroblasts. MATERAL AND METHODSGeneral Procedure IR spectra were obtained with a Perkin Elmer 1710 spectrophotometer. The NMR spectra were taken on a JEOL LA 300 ( 1 H, 300 MHz; 13 C, 75 MHz). EIMS spectra were obtained on a VG Trio-2 spectrometer. FAB-MS spectra were obtained on a JMS AX505WA spectrometer. TLC was carried out on silica gel 60 F 254 and RP-18 F 254 plates (Merck, Germany). Column chromatography was performed over silica gel 60 (Merck, particle size 230-400 mesh) and Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia, Sweden). Genistein was obtained from one of the authors (Dr. Jong Hwan Kwak).Plant Material The whole plants of Viola hondoensis (Violaceae) were collected in April 2004 at Ullung Island, Korea and the botanical identification was made by one of the authors, Dr. Joongku Lee. A voucher specimen of this raw material has been deposited at the herbarium of the Seoul National University (SNU-04-04-13).Isolation of 2,4,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone The dried whole plants (413 g) of Viola hondoensis were extracted five times with 80% MeOH in an ultrasonic apparatus for 3 h. This residue was evaporated in vacuo to yield the total extract (30 g). This extract was then suspended in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, CHCl 3 , EtOAc, and n-BuOH. The EtOAc fraction (1.3 g) was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using CHCl...

Protective Effect of DetoxifiedRhus vernicifluaStokes on Human Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts against Oxidative Stress and Identification of the Bioactive Phenolics

“…8) It has been reported that phenolics isolated from natural plants may prevent the UV-induced skin aging process by inhibiting MMP-1 expression. 30) A non-cytotoxic concentration of the DRVS extract was used in the present study to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of phenolics on MMP-1 activated by UVA in HDF-n. The DRVS extract at 1-50 mg/L exhibited no cytotoxicity, as determined by an MTT assay (data not shown).…”

RETRACTED: The effect of 2′,4′,7‐trihydroxyisoflavone on ultraviolet‐induced matrix metalloproteinases‐1 expression in human skin fibroblasts

“…And, very recently 2 0 ,4 0 ,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (THF) was reported to reduce UV-induced MMP-1 expression, but not MMP-2, at the both mRNA and protein levels in a dosedependent manner by HSFs [12]. The aims of the present study were to examine the effect of 2 0 ,4 0 ,7-THF on UV-induced MMP-1 expression in cultured HSFs and to reveal the signaling pathway changes through which 2 0 ,4 0 ,7-THF inhibits UVinduced MMP-1 expression.…”

“…2 0 ,4 0 ,7-THF was isolated as pure compound (purity > 99.9%) from Viola hondoensis as described previously [12]. All inhibitors (U0126, a MEK1-specific inhibitor; SP600126, a JNK-specific inhibitor; and SB203580, a p38-specific inhibitor) were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA).…”

Onion extract and quercetin induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 in vitro and in vivo

“…(JNK) play a role on the regulation of MMP-1 expression under biological stimulus (15)(16)(17)(18). UVB-induced MMP-1 expression was mediated by ERK and JNK signaling pathways.…”